2008A&A...478..353M

Query : 2008A&A...478..353M

2008A&A...478..353M - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 478, 353-369 (2008/2-1)

Structural properties of disk galaxies. I. The intrinsic equatorial ellipticity of bulges.

MENDEZ-ABREU J., AGUERRI J.A.L., CORSINI E.M. and SIMONNEAU E.

Abstract (from CDS):

A variety of formation scenarios have been proposed to explain the diversity of properties observed in bulges. Studying their intrinsic shape can help to constrain the dominant mechanisms at the epochs of their assembly. The structural parameters of a magnitude-limited sample of 148 unbarred S0-Sb galaxies were derived in order to study the correlations between bulges and disks, as well as the probability distribution function of the intrinsic equatorial ellipticity of bulges. We present a new fitting algorithm (GASP2D) to perform two-dimensional photometric decomposition of the galaxy surface-brightness distribution. This was assumed to be the sum of the contribution of a bulge and disk component characterized by elliptical and concentric isophotes with constant (but possibly different) ellipticity and position angles. Bulge and disk parameters of the sample galaxies were derived from the J-band images, which were available in the Two Micron All Sky Survey. The probability distribution function of the equatorial ellipticity of the bulges was derived from the distribution of the observed ellipticities of bulges and misalignments between bulges and disks. Strong correlations between the bulge and disk parameters were found. About 80% of bulges in unbarred lenticular and early-to-intermediate spiral galaxies are not oblate but triaxial ellipsoids. Their mean axial ratio in the equatorial plane is <B/A≥0.85. Their probability distribution function is not significantly dependent on morphology, light concentration or luminosity. The possible presence of nuclear bars does not influence our results. The interplay between bulge and disk parameters favors scenarios in which bulges have assembled from mergers and/or have grown over long times through disk secular evolution. However, all these mechanisms have to be tested against the derived distribution of bulge intrinsic ellipticities.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: bulges - galaxies: formation - galaxies: fundamental parameters - galaxies: photometry - galaxies: statistics - galaxies: structure

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/478/353): table3.dat>

Simbad objects: 149

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Number of rows : 149
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NGC 50 GiG 00 14 44.5733082408 -07 20 42.430374384   12   11.65   ~ 37 0
2 NGC 80 GiG 00 21 10.8267437544 +22 21 25.653040200   13.7       ~ 95 1
3 NGC 148 GiG 00 34 15.5033170608 -31 47 09.598352964   13.11 12.12 11.65   ~ 63 0
4 NGC 254 EmG 00 47 27.6403595256 -31 25 18.598093788   12.62 11.82 11.29   ~ 85 0
5 NGC 383 rG 01 07 24.9647814840 +32 24 45.132586200   13.6 12.14     ~ 778 3
6 NGC 467 GiG 01 19 10.1485067688 +03 18 02.632640292 13.45 12.90 11.85     ~ 62 1
7 NGC 470 GiP 01 19 44.8526263032 +03 24 36.027176544 12.63 12.53 11.78     ~ 275 1
8 NGC 488 GiG 01 21 46.7967133224 +05 15 24.623017524   15.0       ~ 290 0
9 NGC 524 GiP 01 24 47.7429545736 +09 32 20.089023900   11.5       ~ 462 1
10 NGC 615 Sy2 01 35 05.6880367176 -07 20 24.841575348   12.8   11.43 12.2 ~ 139 0
11 NGC 665 GiG 01 44 56.0974705800 +10 25 22.525685940   13.5       ~ 57 0
12 NGC 772 GiP 01 59 19.5557148984 +19 00 27.475677216 11.35 11.09 10.31 10.23 9.38 ~ 325 1
13 NGC 883 EmG 02 19 05.1949034256 -06 47 27.533364936   13   11.91   ~ 43 0
14 NGC 897 Sy2 02 21 06.3843571752 -33 43 14.357255592   13.07   11.63   ~ 29 0
15 NGC 1024 AG? 02 39 11.9648991216 +10 50 48.592390416   13.8       ~ 95 0
16 NGC 1045 Sy2 02 40 29.1212142384 -11 16 39.204299784   13   11.92   ~ 31 0
17 NGC 1070 AG? 02 43 22.2706436304 +04 58 06.153414060   13.0       ~ 57 0
18 NGC 1107 AG? 02 49 19.5973326936 +08 05 33.778409316   14.1       ~ 34 0
19 NGC 1200 EmG 03 03 54.481 -11 59 30.67   13   11.42   ~ 51 0
20 NGC 1201 EmG 03 04 07.9912913448 -26 04 10.874234136   11.78 10.64 10.35   ~ 145 0
21 NGC 1351 GiG 03 30 34.9598617824 -34 51 14.242996620   12.30   10.85   ~ 181 0
22 NGC 1357 Sy2 03 33 17.0545498128 -13 39 50.970066984   12.44   11.8 11.3 ~ 146 0
23 NGC 1366 Sy2 03 33 53.6940996096 -31 11 38.966332632   12.94   11.49   ~ 94 0
24 NGC 1411 EmG 03 38 44.8916837064 -44 06 02.048427900   12.06   10.76   ~ 108 0
25 NGC 1400 EmG 03 39 30.851 -18 41 17.25 12.48 12.01 10.96 10.45   ~ 299 1
26 NGC 1425 EmG 03 42 11.4831633240 -29 53 36.186684252   11.61   11.6 10.9 ~ 201 0
27 NGC 1482 EmG 03 54 38.928 -20 30 08.82 13.15 13.14 12.15 11.29   ~ 294 2
28 NGC 1527 GiG 04 08 24.0893742048 -47 53 48.933087108   11.73   10.25   ~ 79 0
29 IC 2035 GiG 04 09 01.8566119800 -45 31 03.273963672   12.48   11.29   ~ 78 0
30 NGC 1546 EmG 04 14 36.542 -56 03 38.92 12.15 12.31 10.92 10.84 11.2 ~ 111 1
31 NGC 1553 GiP 04 16 10.4697802536 -55 46 48.072797400 10.76 10.10 9.40 8.74   ~ 377 2
32 NGC 1550 BiC 04 19 37.9450450152 +02 24 35.918168940   14.0       ~ 176 1
33 NGC 1956 GiG 05 19 35.4050281776 -77 43 43.057028712   14.05   12.35   ~ 18 0
34 NGC 1947 GiG 05 26 47.613 -63 45 36.08   11.76 10.80 10.06   ~ 132 0
35 NGC 2460 AGN 07 56 52.3308252792 +60 20 57.759748944   12.5       ~ 130 0
36 NGC 2639 Sy2 08 43 38.0682469032 +50 12 19.942091604 12.90 12.56 11.65     ~ 427 2
37 NGC 2629 GiG 08 47 15.7773 +72 59 08.337   12.8       ~ 55 1
38 NGC 2775 AG? 09 10 20.1334093488 +07 02 16.874157048   11.417 10.481 9.920 8.994 ~ 356 0
39 NGC 2768 SyG 09 11 37.504 +60 02 13.95 11.30 10.84 9.87     ~ 503 2
40 NGC 2841 LIN 09 22 02.6778711696 +50 58 35.737082868 10.43 10.09 9.22     ~ 1073 1
41 NGC 2911 Sy2 09 33 46.10739467 +10 09 08.8215304   14.96 13.83     ~ 244 0
42 NGC 2985 Sy1 09 50 22.233 +72 16 43.13   11.37 10.61     ~ 251 1
43 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4449 3
44 NGC 3065 GiP 10 01 55.2298337568 +72 10 13.113502068   14.17 13.19     ~ 123 0
45 NGC 3169 GiP 10 14 15.0379414272 +03 27 57.941639856   13.46 12.41     ~ 364 1
46 NGC 3230 LSB 10 23 43.9569304632 +12 34 03.913754088   14.9       ~ 59 0
47 NGC 3245 GiP 10 27 18.3864983136 +28 30 26.621599932   11.6       ~ 346 0
48 NGC 3277 Sy2 10 32 55.4484213912 +28 30 42.279280956 12.74 12.50 11.68     ~ 140 1
49 NGC 3497 Sy2 11 07 18.0886738608 -19 28 17.398110144   12.79       ~ 50 0
50 NGC 3593 GiG 11 14 36.9731893800 +12 49 05.497790664   11.8       ~ 359 2
51 [VV2006] J111654.8+180304 QSO 11 16 54.7 +18 03 06   13.84 12.76     ~ 467 0
52 NGC 3619 GiG 11 19 21.5781353400 +57 45 28.018459368   12.6       ~ 172 0
53 NGC 3626 GiG 11 20 03.8069651160 +18 21 24.543304164   11.2       ~ 258 0
54 NGC 3665 rG 11 24 43.630 +38 45 46.05 13.71 13.26 11.62     ~ 345 1
55 NGC 3675 GiG 11 26 08.5641089832 +43 35 09.587062464   11.04   9.57   ~ 284 1
56 NGC 3801 LIN 11 40 16.9446846648 +17 43 40.575768960   13.3       ~ 202 1
57 NGC 3813 GiG 11 41 18.6482342616 +36 32 48.771124872   12.6       ~ 130 1
58 NGC 3900 GiP 11 49 09.4563144120 +27 01 19.276393872   12.5       ~ 187 0
59 NGC 3898 LIN 11 49 15.370 +56 05 03.66   11.7       ~ 310 1
60 NGC 3998 Sy2 11 57 56.1334044408 +55 27 12.922443432   11.64 12.10 10.09   ~ 643 2
61 IC 750 AGN 11 58 52.2 +42 43 21   12.7 12.17     ~ 175 1
62 NGC 4036 LIN 12 01 26.7603659808 +61 53 44.625848784   12.18 11.20     ~ 260 0
63 NGC 4087 Sy2 12 05 35.3160307488 -26 31 21.281794356   13.11   11.56   ~ 33 0
64 NGC 4138 Sy2 12 09 29.8011417048 +43 41 06.864140004 12.46 12.29 11.32 10.82   ~ 410 1
65 NGC 4150 GiG 12 10 33.655 +30 24 05.35 12.72 12.44 11.64     ~ 310 2
66 NGC 4224 GiP 12 16 33.7856435496 +07 27 43.527631068   13.3       ~ 154 0
67 NGC 4233 GiG 12 17 07.690 +07 37 27.96   13.2       ~ 166 0
68 NGC 4223 Sy2 12 17 25.8171275952 +06 41 24.382417668   13.6       ~ 113 0
69 IC 3152 EmG 12 19 35.9743266960 -26 08 43.675217052   13.28   11.68   ~ 35 0
70 NGC 4270 GiP 12 19 49.4714861496 +05 27 48.394930572   13.3       ~ 181 0
71 NGC 4281 GiG 12 20 21.5246429784 +05 23 11.188759092   12.5       ~ 186 0
72 NGC 4324 GiG 12 23 06.1747492368 +05 15 01.229253372   12.5       ~ 197 0
73 NGC 4350 GiP 12 23 57.814 +16 41 36.08   11.5 11.08     ~ 317 0
74 NGC 4369 GiG 12 24 36.204 +39 22 58.73   12.3       ~ 189 1
75 NGC 4377 GiG 12 25 12.3315185232 +14 45 43.811084016   12.5       ~ 220 0
76 NGC 4379 GiG 12 25 14.7458757864 +15 36 26.755074576 13.05 12.63 11.72     ~ 226 1
77 NGC 4378 Sy2 12 25 18.1024266072 +04 55 30.485595360   14.51 13.49     ~ 240 0
78 NGC 4380 BLL 12 25 22.178 +10 01 00.14   13.4       ~ 261 0
79 M 85 GiP 12 25 24.053 +18 11 27.89   10.2       ~ 644 0
80 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 26 32.1 +12 43 24           ~ 6643 0
81 NGC 4429 GiG 12 27 26.5040002440 +11 06 27.588767616   11.4       ~ 317 0
82 NGC 4438 LIN 12 27 45.6705493536 +13 00 31.708096380 11.37 11.02 10.17     ~ 636 2
83 NGC 4450 LIN 12 28 29.5910654016 +17 05 05.976112020   10.90 10.08     ~ 563 2
84 NGC 4459 H2G 12 29 00.0329905416 +13 58 42.826603332   11.6       ~ 539 0
85 NGC 4492 GiG 12 30 59.7099543696 +08 04 40.424214828   14.1       ~ 132 0
86 M 88 Sy2 12 31 59.1525062448 +14 25 13.148971824   14.33 13.18     ~ 804 1
87 NGC 4528 GiG 12 34 06.0685723920 +11 19 16.528093428 13.39 12.97 12.06     ~ 189 1
88 NGC 4578 GiG 12 37 30.5571349752 +09 33 18.241180344   12.9       ~ 280 0
89 NGC 4639 GiP 12 42 52.3785000336 +13 15 26.706153600   13.62 12.72     ~ 610 0
90 NGC 4698 Sy2 12 48 22.9082830584 +08 29 14.667552276   13.24 12.27     ~ 483 0
91 MCG-02-33-017 GiG 12 50 04.691 -14 44 00.56   12.4   11.70 11.9 ~ 44 0
92 NGC 4750 LIN 12 50 07.3113940944 +72 52 28.653179520   11.8       ~ 139 0
93 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1386 2
94 ESO 507-25 LIN 12 51 31.846 -26 27 07.74   12.47   10.91 11.9 ~ 84 0
95 NGC 4772 LIN 12 53 29.1636448512 +02 10 06.146331708 12.29 11.96 11.04     ~ 253 1
96 NGC 4789 GiG 12 54 19.0044627120 +27 04 05.008348776   13.12 12.10     ~ 133 2
97 NGC 4800 GiG 12 54 37.7814061056 +46 31 52.276624140   12.0       ~ 145 0
98 NGC 4814 GiP 12 55 21.9135450888 +58 20 38.643555048   12.4       ~ 98 0
99 NGC 4804 EmG 12 55 49.6669627200 -12 03 18.748939464   12   14.74   ~ 53 0
100 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 939 2
101 NGC 4825 Sy2 12 57 12.231 -13 39 53.47   9.3   11.58   ~ 52 0
102 QSO J1301-3226 Bla 13 01 00.7843338120 -32 26 28.723182036   13.06 13 11.50   ~ 98 2
103 NGC 5087 Sy2 13 20 24.9671751960 -20 36 39.392008020   11.96 12.08 10.41   ~ 97 0
104 IC 4310 EmG 13 38 57.1390546920 -25 50 44.525006988   13.25   11.69   ~ 27 0
105 ESO 445-2 EmG 13 39 23.4684471576 -30 46 26.564383200   12.79 14.4 10.60   ~ 34 0
106 NGC 5273 Sy1 13 42 08.3801616672 +35 39 15.467518836   14.01 13.12     ~ 468 0
107 NGC 5292 Sy2 13 47 40.0535898936 -30 56 22.139608740   12.85   11.29   ~ 51 0
108 NGC 5313 GiP 13 49 44.3492718072 +39 59 05.147922516   12.4   11.43   ~ 98 0
109 NGC 5326 GiP 13 50 50.7086232072 +39 34 29.516857680   12.9   11.38   ~ 86 0
110 NGC 5440 GiG 14 03 01.0401315888 +34 45 28.261378260   13.4       ~ 69 0
111 NGC 5485 LIN 14 07 11.3594809920 +55 00 06.084219996 14.34 13.82 12.22     ~ 250 0
112 NGC 5533 Sy2 14 16 07.7507477232 +35 20 37.879981584   13.0       ~ 175 1
113 NGC 5614 AG? 14 24 07.5872943864 +34 51 31.813653924   12.6       ~ 146 0
114 NGC 5631 Sy2 14 26 33.2913328320 +56 34 57.424681848   13.51 12.55     ~ 180 0
115 NGC 5687 AG? 14 34 52.4035487328 +54 28 33.102669864   13.30       ~ 106 0
116 NGC 5838 GiP 15 05 26.2447857696 +02 05 57.349108392   12.1   10.26   ~ 239 0
117 NGC 6278 GiP 17 00 50.3235598776 +23 00 39.735179064   13.8       ~ 159 0
118 NGC 6340 GiP 17 10 24.8346254376 +72 18 15.919996608   11.87 11.01     ~ 186 1
119 NGC 6851 EmG 20 03 34.3587786984 -48 17 04.350059196   12.83 11.67 11.31   ~ 95 0
120 NGC 6861 EmG 20 07 19.482 -48 22 12.94   12.01 11.10 10.43   ~ 189 0
121 NGC 6890 Sy2 20 18 18.1057797216 -44 48 24.750633168   13.06 14.02 11.57   ~ 164 0
122 IC 4991 EmG 20 18 23.2936906896 -41 03 00.574311960   12.33   10.80   ~ 58 0
123 NGC 6893 EmG 20 20 49.6199866776 -48 14 20.731789248   12.73 11.45 10.93   ~ 50 0
124 NGC 6920 Sy2 20 43 57.4877734861 -80 00 03.198389411   13.08   11.27 12.0 ~ 49 0
125 IC 5063 Sy2 20 52 02.15 -57 04 06.7   12.92 13.60 11.30   ~ 649 1
126 NGC 7007 Sy2 21 05 27.9140607744 -52 33 07.159314492   12.89 12.04 11.43   ~ 64 0
127 NGC 7020 GiG 21 11 20.0452941264 -64 01 31.011326832   12.81 11.48 11.27   ~ 76 0
128 NGC 7049 GiP 21 19 00.2856324192 -48 33 43.713475092   11.28 10.74 9.77   ~ 144 1
129 NGC 7083 Sy2 21 35 44.6351403840 -63 54 10.199544624   11.93 11.04 10.81 11.5 ~ 183 0
130 NGC 7096 Sy2 21 41 19.2445062648 -63 54 31.177626156   12.81 11.58 11.62   ~ 60 0
131 NGC 7135 Sy1 21 49 46.0013389728 -34 52 34.575955536   12.25 13.30 10.84   ~ 91 0
132 NGC 7166 EmG 22 00 32.9063111088 -43 23 22.828215012   12.64 11.84 11.20   ~ 71 0
133 NGC 7172 Sy2 22 02 01.897 -31 52 11.60   12.72 13.61 11.15 25.10 ~ 529 1
134 NGC 7192 Sy2 22 06 50.1107894976 -64 18 58.721070096   12.21 11.21 10.77   ~ 143 0
135 NGC 7302 GiP 22 32 23.8132995648 -14 07 14.081965572   13       ~ 61 0
136 NGC 7311 LIN 22 34 06.7905936096 +05 34 13.172695392   13.4       ~ 115 0
137 NGC 7377 Sy2 22 47 47.4743722752 -22 18 43.770561516   11.39 12.78 10.53   ~ 100 0
138 IC 5267 Sy2 22 57 13.572 -43 23 46.11   11.18 10.47 9.83 10.4 ~ 144 0
139 NGC 7550 LIN 23 15 16.0606 +18 57 41.284   13.9   11.85   ~ 126 1
140 NGC 7585 AG? 23 18 01.348 -04 39 01.07   12.46 18.7 11.23   ~ 104 0
141 NGC 7600 AG? 23 18 53.8425354720 -07 34 49.679666040   13   11.68   ~ 72 0
142 NGC 7606 EmG 23 19 04.7786629824 -08 29 06.331037820   11.5   10.47 11.1 ~ 191 0
143 NGC 7625 AG? 23 20 30.132 +17 13 32.16 13.31 13.23 11.98 11.25   ~ 264 0
144 UGC 12591 G 23 25 21.7575 +28 29 42.545   14.0       ~ 96 1
145 NGC 7702 Sy2 23 35 28.8830240088 -56 00 44.260443792   12.97 12.22 11.58   ~ 59 0
146 NGC 7711 GiG 23 35 39.3728741856 +15 18 07.098903144   14.0       ~ 73 0
147 NGC 7722 LIN 23 38 41.2158577488 +15 57 16.894131300   13.7       ~ 88 0
148 NGC 7742 GiP 23 44 15.7534099368 +10 46 01.533226872   12.5       ~ 212 0
149 NGC 7769 LIN 23 51 03.9747703056 +20 09 01.552564620   12.77       ~ 149 1

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