2012A&A...541A..79G

Query : 2012A&A...541A..79G

2012A&A...541A..79G - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 541A, 79-79 (2012/5-1)

The JCMT 12CO(3-2) survey of the Cygnus X region. I. A pathfinder.

GOTTSCHALK M., KOTHES R., MATTHEWS H.E., LANDECKER T.L. and DENT W.R.F.

Abstract (from CDS):

Cygnus X is one of the most complex areas in the sky, rich in massive stars; Cyg OB2 (2600 stars, 120 O stars) and other OB associations lie within its boundaries. This complicates interpretation, but also creates the opportunity to investigate accretion into molecular clouds and many subsequent stages of star formation, all within one small field of view. Understanding large complexes like Cygnus X is the key to understanding the dominant role that massive star complexes play in galaxies across the Universe. The main goal of this study is to establish feasibility of a high-resolution CO survey of the entire Cygnus X region by observing part of it as a pathfinder, and to evaluate the survey as a tool for investigating the star-formation process. We can investigate the mass accretion history of outflows, study interaction between star-forming regions and their cold environment, and examine triggered star formation around massive stars. A 2°x4° area of the Cygnus X region has been mapped in the 12CO(3-2) line at an angular resolution of 15'' and a velocity resolution of ∼0.4km/s using HARP-B and ACSIS on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The star formation process is heavily connected to the life-cycle of the molecular material in the interstellar medium. The high critical density of the 12CO(3-2) transition reveals clouds in key stages of molecule formation, and shows processes that turn a molecular cloud into a star. We observed ∼15% of Cygnus X, and demonstrated that a full survey would be feasible and rewarding. We detected three distinct layers of 12CO(3-2) emission, related to the Cygnus Rift (500-800pc), to W75N (1-1.8kpc), and to DR 21 (1.5-2.5kpc). Within the Cygnus Rift, HI self-absorption features are tightly correlated with faint diffuse CO emission, while HISA features in the DR 21 layer are mostly unrelated to any CO emission. 47 molecular outflows were detected in the pathfinder, 27 of them previously unknown. Sequentially triggered star formation is a widespread phenomenon.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): ISM: clouds - stars: formation - ISM: jets and outflows - surveys - HII regions - molecular data

Nomenclature: Table 2 : [GKM2012b] GLL.lll+B.bbb N=47

Simbad objects: 94

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Number of rows : 94
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NAME Per Arm PoG 03 30 +45.0           ~ 1513 0
2 Cl Westerlund 1 Cl* 16 47 02.4 -45 51 07           ~ 566 0
3 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 14417 0
4 W 49a BL? 19 10 15.7 +09 06 05           ~ 306 2
5 NAME Cyg A Sy2 19 59 28.35656837 +40 44 02.0972325   16.22 15.10     ~ 2368 2
6 Ass Cyg OB 8 As* 20 15 +40.9           ~ 70 0
7 Ass Cyg OB 1 As* 20 17.8 +37 38           ~ 264 1
8 NAME Northern Coalsack DNe 20 21 +37.0           ~ 117 0
9 Ass Cyg OB 9 As* 20 21 +39.9           ~ 131 0
10 IRAS 20227+4154 HII 20 24 31.4 +42 04 17           ~ 31 0
11 [GKM2012b] G79.886+2.552 out 20 24 31.6 +42 04 20           ~ 2 1
12 2MASS J20243430+4221265 Em* 20 24 34.3065687504 +42 21 26.514859428   19.880   18.500   M5.5 6 0
13 IRAS 20228+4215 IR 20 24 34.4 +42 25 01           ~ 16 0
14 [GKM2012b] G80.158+2.727 out 20 24 35.7 +42 23 41           ~ 2 1
15 [GKM2012b] G80.149+2.710 out 20 24 38.6 +42 22 42           ~ 2 1
16 [GKM2012b] G79.962+2.556 out 20 24 44.7 +42 08 11           ~ 1 1
17 IRAS 20231+4157 IR 20 24 55.3 +42 07 39           ~ 1 0
18 NGC 6914 HII 20 25 +42.3           ~ 21 0
19 NAME Cyg X BL? 20 30 04.7973633 +40 51 36.002197           ~ 845 1
20 [GKM2012b] G80.314+1.330 out 20 31 12.3 +41 42 30           ~ 2 1
21 [GKM2012b] G81.424+2.140 out 20 31 12.3 +43 04 53           ~ 3 1
22 [GKM2012b] G81.435+2.147 out 20 31 12.5 +43 05 42           ~ 3 1
23 IRAS 20294+4255 IR 20 31 14.1 +43 05 53           ~ 3 0
24 2MASS J20311521+4142249 * 20 31 15.2065753464 +41 42 25.013197368   15.3 14.5     ~ 2 0
25 Ass Cyg OB 2 As* 20 33.2 +41 19           ~ 943 0
26 DR 17 HII 20 35.2 +42 25           ~ 43 0
27 NAME DR 17 IR Cluster OpC 20 35 23.0 +42 22 05           ~ 13 0
28 2MASS J20352935+4143345 * 20 35 29.3471791344 +41 43 34.515690384   15.4 14.8     ~ 2 0
29 [GKM2012b] G81.302+1.055 out 20 35 33.5 +42 20 17           ~ 2 1
30 LSPM J2035+4220 PM* 20 35 38.0615645928 +42 20 31.999573392   17.2   13.9   ~ 3 0
31 [GKM2012b] G80.815+0.661 out 20 35 40.9 +41 42 44           ~ 1 1
32 [LK2002] Cl14 OpC 20 35 43 +42 29.4           ~ 8 0
33 IRAS 20342+4139 IR 20 36 00.0 +41 49 44           ~ 2 0
34 [GKM2012b] G80.972+0.700 out 20 36 01.2 +41 51 41           ~ 1 1
35 [GKM2012b] G81.218+0.877 out 20 36 03.3 +42 09 50           ~ 1 0
36 IRAS 20343+4129 HII 20 36 07.1 +41 40 01           ~ 54 0
37 [GKM2012b] G80.832+0.570 out 20 36 07.6 +41 40 15           ~ 1 1
38 [GKM2012b] G81.140+0.687 out 20 36 37.2 +41 59 16           ~ 2 0
39 [GKM2012b] G81.539+0.983 out 20 36 38.5 +42 29 02           ~ 1 0
40 [GKM2012b] G81.829+1.195 out 20 36 40.2 +42 50 35           ~ 1 0
41 IRAS 20350+4126 HII 20 36 52.6 +41 36 33           ~ 39 1
42 [GKM2012b] G80.866+0.415 out 20 36 53.6 +41 36 17           ~ 1 1
43 [GKM2012b] G81.365+0.781 out 20 36 56.7 +42 13 26           ~ 1 0
44 2MASS J20365781+4211303 Y*O 20 36 57.81 +42 11 30.3           ~ 5 0
45 [GKM2012b] G81.340+0.755 out 20 36 58.6 +42 11 17           ~ 1 1
46 [GKM2012b] G80.862+0.385 out 20 37 00.6 +41 35 00           ~ 2 1
47 IRAS 20352+4124 * 20 37 00.97 +41 35 02.8           ~ 8 0
48 IRAS 20355+4124 IR 20 37 23.4 +41 35 26           ~ 2 0
49 [GKM2012b] G81.437+0.728 out 20 37 24.5 +42 14 57           ~ 1 1
50 [GKM2012b] G80.916+0.331 out 20 37 25.0 +41 35 39           ~ 1 1
51 2MASS J20372634+4215518 NIR 20 37 26.35 +42 15 51.9           ~ 2 0
52 [GKM2012b] G81.460+0.735 out 20 37 27.3 +42 16 19           ~ 1 1
53 [GKM2012b] G81.462+0.736 out 20 37 27.3 +42 16 27           ~ 1 0
54 MSX6C G081.4515+00.7280 MIR 20 37 27.4 +42 15 38           ~ 2 0
55 2MASS J20374733+4240529 NIR 20 37 47.33 +42 40 53.0           ~ 2 0
56 2MASS J20374746+4238370 * 20 37 47.4613131648 +42 38 37.076162820           ~ 3 0
57 [GKM2012b] G81.794+0.910 out 20 37 47.6 +42 38 37           ~ 1 1
58 [GKM2012b] G81.861+0.959 out 20 37 48.0 +42 43 35           ~ 1 0
59 [GKM2012b] G81.813+0.919 out 20 37 49.1 +42 39 51           ~ 1 1
60 2MASS J20375536+4240468 Y*O 20 37 55.37 +42 40 46.9           ~ 4 0
61 [GKM2012b] G81.770+0.851 out 20 37 58.3 +42 35 19           ~ 1 0
62 [GKM2012b] G81.857+0.905 out 20 38 01.4 +42 41 25           ~ 1 1
63 [GKM2012b] G81.831+0.880 out 20 38 02.6 +42 39 17           ~ 1 1
64 [GKM2012b] G81.634+0.726 out 20 38 03.7 +42 24 18           ~ 1 0
65 2MASS J20380710+4238521 Y*O 20 38 07.1093969280 +42 38 52.176676812           ~ 3 0
66 NAME Cyg X FIR 33 Y*O 20 38 35.9 +42 37 22           B1.5 401 1
67 [GKM2012b] G81.867+0.780 out 20 38 35.9 +42 37 22           ~ 1 1
68 [GKM2012b] G81.773+0.687 out 20 38 41.3 +42 29 28           ~ 1 1
69 [CGC93] FIR 11 Y*O 20 38 43.85 +42 29 04.0           ~ 4 0
70 [GKM2012b] G81.681+0.540 out 20 39 01.1 +42 19 43           ~ 1 1
71 DR 21 SFR 20 39 01.6 +42 19 38           O4.5 1055 0
72 2MASS J20391672+4216090 Y*O 20 39 16.72824 +42 16 09.0912           ~ 16 0
73 MSX6C G081.1225-00.1343 NIR 20 40 03.79 +41 28 33.7           ~ 3 0
74 [GKM2012b] G81.117-0.140 out 20 40 04.1 +41 28 03           ~ 1 1
75 [GKM2012b] G81.175-0.100 out 20 40 05.1 +41 32 15           ~ 1 0
76 [GKM2012b] G81.559+0.183 out 20 40 08.6 +42 00 52           ~ 1 0
77 TYC 3174-981-1 * 20 40 23.9480806608 +41 39 51.805863000   11.60 11.21     ~ 2 0
78 [GKM2012b] G81.551+0.098 out 20 40 28.7 +41 57 21           ~ 2 0
79 [GKM2012b] G81.450+0.016 out 20 40 29.7 +41 49 35           ~ 1 0
80 [GKM2012b] G81.582+0.104 out 20 40 33.3 +41 59 05           ~ 2 1
81 [GKM2012b] G81.476+0.020 out 20 40 33.8 +41 50 56           ~ 1 0
82 [GKM2012b] G81.317-0.103 out 20 40 33.9 +41 38 53           ~ 1 1
83 LSPM J2040+4200 PM* 20 40 38.1556552416 +42 00 05.491128816   18.2   15.3   M3.4 5 0
84 [GKM2012b] G81.632+0.102 out 20 40 43.7 +42 01 21           ~ 1 0
85 DR 23 Rad 20 40.8 +41 54           ~ 40 0
86 [GKM2012b] G82.186+0.105 out 20 42 33.1 +42 27 42           ~ 2 0
87 RAFGL 2636 IR 20 42.6 +42 56           ~ 14 0
88 [GKM2012b] G82.189-0.042 out 20 43 11.6 +42 22 24           ~ 1 0
89 [GKM2012b] G82.581+0.203 out 20 43 27.8 +42 49 58           ~ 2 1
90 [GKM2012b] G82.571+0.194 out 20 43 27.9 +42 49 11           ~ 2 0
91 MSX6C G082.5828+00.2014 HII 20 43 28.50 +42 50 01.9           ~ 3 0
92 NAME Outer Arm PoG 21 48 +69.4           ~ 316 0
93 GHISA 079.88+0.62+02 HI ~ ~           ~ 2 0
94 NAME Local Arm reg ~ ~           ~ 537 0

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