[DK2003] M51-51 , the SIMBAD biblio

We use a set of conservative criteria to identify luminous supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) in external galaxies. We test this approach on blackbody models and then apply it to Chandra data from four galaxies: an elliptical galaxy (NGC 4967), two face-on spiral galaxies (M101 and M83), and an interacting galaxy (M51). We find SSSs in every galaxy and estimate that the total SSS population of sources with L>10³⁷ ergs/s in each galaxy is at least several hundred and could be significantly larger. In addition, we discover two intriguing features of galactic populations of SSSs. First, there are significant subpopulations of high-luminosity sources; the bolometric luminosities can exceed 10³⁹ ergs/s. Second, in the spiral galaxies M101, M83, and M51, SSSs appear to be associated with the spiral arms. This may indicate that some SSSs are young systems, possibly younger than 10⁸ yr.