2000ApJ...529..886C

Query : 2000ApJ...529..886C

2000ApJ...529..886C - Astrophys. J., 529, 886-910 (2000/February-1)

The asymmetry of galaxies: physical morphology for nearby and high-redshift galaxies.

CONSELICE C.J., BERSHADY M.A. and JANGREN A.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present a detailed study of rotational asymmetry in galaxies for both morphological and physical diagnostic purposes. An unambiguous method for computing asymmetry is developed, which is robust for both distant and nearby galaxies. By degrading real galaxy images, we test the reliability of this asymmetry measure over a range of observational conditions, e.g., spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Compared to previous methods, this new algorithm avoids the ambiguity associated with choosing a center by using a minimization method and successfully corrects for variations in S/N. There is, however, a strong relationship between the rotational asymmetry and physical resolution (distance at fixed spatial resolution): objects become more symmetric when less well-resolved. We further investigate asymmetry as a function of galactic radius and rotation. We find the asymmetry index has a strong radial dependence that differs vastly between Hubble types. As a result, a meaningful asymmetry index must be specified within a well-defined radius representative of the physical galaxy scale. We enumerate several viable alternatives, which exclude the use of isophotes. Asymmetry as a function of angle (Aφ) is also a useful indicator of ellipticity and higher order azimuthal structure. In general, we show that the power of asymmetry as a morphological parameter lies in the strong correlation with B-V color for galaxies undergoing normal star formation spanning all Hubble types from ellipticals to irregular galaxies. The few interacting galaxies in our study do not fall on this asymmetry-color ``fiducial sequence'', as these galaxies are too asymmetric for their color. We suggest this fact can be used to distinguish between ``normal'' galaxies and galaxies undergoing an interaction or merger.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): Galaxies: Photometry - Galaxies: Structure

Simbad objects: 116

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Number of rows : 116
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1788 1
2 NGC 2541 GiG 08 14 40.1160678912 +49 03 42.021679932 12.03 12.26 11.80     ~ 313 1
3 NGC 2683 AGN 08 52 41.3064829584 +33 25 18.597681516 11.57 10.68 9.79 9.38   ~ 446 1
4 NGC 2715 GiG 09 08 06.2049083976 +78 05 07.227661632   11.9       ~ 193 0
5 NGC 2775 AG? 09 10 20.1334093488 +07 02 16.874157048   11.417 10.481 9.920 8.994 ~ 356 0
6 NGC 2768 SyG 09 11 37.504 +60 02 13.95 11.30 10.84 9.87     ~ 503 2
7 NGC 2905 H2G 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1116 3
8 NGC 2976 GiP 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 672 1
9 NGC 2985 Sy1 09 50 22.233 +72 16 43.13   11.37 10.61     ~ 251 1
10 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4446 3
11 NGC 3079 Sy2 10 01 57.8789863992 +55 40 47.449758324 11.57 11.54 10.86     ~ 1391 3
12 NGC 3077 GiP 10 03 19.0965510921 +68 44 01.556166166 11.23 10.85 10.14 9.74   ~ 770 0
13 NGC 3166 GiP 10 13 45.7270131936 +03 25 29.310401424   11.2       ~ 234 0
14 NGC 3147 Sy2 10 16 53.6388580752 +73 24 02.641798224   11.43 10.61     ~ 490 2
15 NGC 3180 GiG 10 18 16.985 +41 25 27.77   10.4       ~ 734 0
16 NGC 3198 EmG 10 19 54.990 +45 32 58.88 10.83 10.87 10.33     ~ 905 1
17 NGC 3319 SyG 10 39 09.533 +41 41 12.74   11.48 11.07     ~ 312 1
18 NGC 3344 EmG 10 43 31.150 +24 55 19.99 10.38 10.54 9.86 9.71   ~ 406 1
19 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1121 2
20 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 819 1
21 NGC 3377 GiP 10 47 42.400 +13 59 08.30 11.55 11.24 10.38     ~ 775 1
22 M 105 LIN 10 47 49.600 +12 34 53.87   10.56 9.76 9.12 8.18 ~ 1463 0
23 NGC 3486 Sy2 11 00 23.946 +28 58 29.35 10.89 11.11 10.53 10.40   ~ 354 1
24 M 108 SBG 11 11 30.967 +55 40 26.84   10.70       ~ 471 1
25 NGC 3596 H2G 11 15 06.2081129496 +14 47 13.284196332   12.01 11.49 10.99 10.45 ~ 203 0
26 M 65 GiP 11 18 55.9084654776 +13 05 32.300703672   9.6       ~ 445 1
27 NGC 3631 AG? 11 21 02.8871865144 +53 10 10.415331660   11.0       ~ 359 1
28 NGC 3672 Sy2 11 25 02.4824415408 -09 47 43.360336932   11.9   10.80 11.6 ~ 195 0
29 NGC 3675 GiG 11 26 08.5641089832 +43 35 09.587062464   11.04   9.57   ~ 284 1
30 NGC 3726 GiG 11 33 21.1367545656 +47 01 45.280222428   11.11   10.02   ~ 354 0
31 NGC 3810 GiG 11 40 58.7615811624 +11 28 15.808680696   11.4       ~ 335 2
32 NGC 3877 GiG 11 46 07.782 +47 29 40.20   11.8       ~ 324 0
33 NGC 3893 GiP 11 48 38.207 +48 42 38.84   11.23 10.67     ~ 369 1
34 NGC 3938 GiG 11 52 49.4335936248 +44 07 14.697085116 10.80 10.90 10.38     ~ 533 1
35 NGC 3953 GiG 11 53 49.0086582552 +52 19 36.475395312   11.08   9.71   ~ 359 0
36 NGC 4013 GiG 11 58 31.417 +43 56 49.28   12.4       ~ 423 1
37 NGC 4030 GiP 12 00 23.6102390784 -01 06 00.197099136   11.42   10.3 10.4 ~ 340 1
38 NGC 4088 GiP 12 05 34.2230093952 +50 32 21.064017876   11.2       ~ 407 1
39 NGC 4125 GiP 12 08 06.017 +65 10 26.88 11.14 10.65 9.72     ~ 427 2
40 NGC 4123 AGN 12 08 11.1187718376 +02 52 41.781736956   13.1       ~ 340 2
41 NGC 4136 GiG 12 09 17.7035859024 +29 55 39.419783832   11.69       ~ 230 1
42 NGC 4144 GiG 12 09 58.601 +46 27 25.85   12.17   11.50   ~ 244 0
43 NGC 4157 GiP 12 11 04.365 +50 29 04.85 12.48 12.15 11.35     ~ 353 2
44 NGC 4178 H2G 12 12 46.443 +10 51 57.59   12.9       ~ 351 0
45 NGC 4189 GiG 12 13 47.2380839784 +13 25 29.445094632   12.51 11.74     ~ 281 1
46 M 98 LIN 12 13 48.2910686976 +14 54 01.953475200 11.25 10.95 10.14     ~ 481 1
47 NGC 4216 GiP 12 15 54.444 +13 08 57.84 11.51 10.99 10.01     ~ 403 1
48 NGC 4242 GiG 12 17 30.1835103480 +45 37 09.508940220   11.37 10.83     ~ 269 1
49 M 99 H2G 12 18 49.625 +14 24 59.36 10.45 10.44 9.87     ~ 918 2
50 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2362 3
51 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 996 2
52 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1845 2
53 NGC 4340 GiP 12 23 35.2816311336 +16 43 20.443217952   12.4       ~ 277 0
54 NGC 4365 GiG 12 24 28.228 +07 19 03.07   11.5       ~ 840 0
55 M 84 Sy2 12 25 03.74333 +12 53 13.1393 12.67 12.09 10.49     ~ 1762 2
56 NGC 4394 GiP 12 25 55.6366312872 +18 12 50.110707636   11.9       ~ 362 0
57 M 86 GiG 12 26 11.814 +12 56 45.49 10.32 9.83 8.90   7.50 ~ 1084 1
58 NGC 4414 GiG 12 26 27.1276893168 +31 13 24.626206488 11.12 10.96 10.12     ~ 566 2
59 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 26 32.1 +12 43 24           ~ 6637 0
60 NGC 4429 GiG 12 27 26.5040002440 +11 06 27.588767616   11.4       ~ 317 0
61 NGC 4442 GiG 12 28 03.8815318272 +09 48 13.426522272   11.2       ~ 283 0
62 NGC 4449 EmG 12 28 11.118 +44 05 36.81 10.11 9.98 9.64 9.45   ~ 1125 1
63 NGC 4450 LIN 12 28 29.5910654016 +17 05 05.976112020   10.90 10.08     ~ 563 2
64 M 49 Sy2 12 29 46.8 +08 00 01   13.21 12.17     ~ 2092 2
65 NGC 4477 Sy2 12 30 02.1955766304 +13 38 11.543715888 11.98 11.38 10.42     ~ 396 2
66 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7189 3
67 NGC 4487 EmG 12 31 04.4731449720 -08 03 14.548820040   11.7   11.9 11.6 ~ 176 0
68 NGC 4498 GiP 12 31 39.5627385744 +16 51 09.625381632   12.8       ~ 234 0
69 M 88 Sy2 12 31 59.1525062448 +14 25 13.148971824   14.33 13.18     ~ 804 1
70 IRAS 12315+0758 GiG 12 34 03.029 +07 41 56.90   10.6       ~ 670 0
71 NGC 4527 GiP 12 34 08.4 +02 39 15   12.4       ~ 532 2
72 NGC 4535 H2G 12 34 20.3443516704 +08 11 51.908488116   11.1       ~ 616 0
73 M 91 LIN 12 35 26.4446761320 +14 29 46.760333748   14.63 13.57     ~ 593 0
74 NGC 4559 H2G 12 35 57.6402869976 +27 57 35.859278160   10.46 10.01     ~ 628 1
75 NGC 4564 GiG 12 36 26.9869512504 +11 26 21.204472848 12.51 12.05 11.12     ~ 595 1
76 M 90 Sy2 12 36 49.8009839880 +13 09 46.523813040 10.56 10.26 9.54     ~ 898 1
77 NGC 4571 GiP 12 36 56.3722998960 +14 13 02.296534836   13.6       ~ 340 1
78 M 58 Sy2 12 37 43.5 +11 49 06 10.80 10.48 9.66     ~ 1078 2
79 NGC 4593 Sy1 12 39 39.4435107024 -05 20 39.034988448   13.95 13.15     ~ 1090 0
80 M 104 LIN 12 39 59.43185902 -11 37 22.9961800 9.51 9.55 8.00 8.05   ~ 1396 3
81 M 59 GiG 12 42 02.2581375168 +11 38 48.909507756   11.0       ~ 693 0
82 NAME NGC 4636 Group GrG 12 42 49.5 +02 41 08           ~ 562 0
83 NGC 4636 LIN 12 42 49.8333280080 +02 41 15.951929028   12.62 11.84     ~ 1117 1
84 NGC 4651 LIN 12 43 42.6376070448 +16 23 36.002649300   11.30 10.92 10.42 9.84 ~ 513 0
85 NGC 4654 GiP 12 43 56.638 +13 07 34.86   11.8       ~ 566 1
86 NGC 4689 H2G 12 47 45.5568088416 +13 45 46.135889100   12.8       ~ 386 0
87 NGC 4710 H2G 12 49 38.958 +15 09 55.76   11.6       ~ 310 0
88 NGC 4725 Sy2 12 50 26.5716367992 +25 30 02.733090588   13.45 12.44     ~ 695 2
89 NGC 4731 Sy2 12 51 01.095 -06 23 34.98   12.0   16.23 12.0 ~ 176 0
90 NGC 4754 GiP 12 52 17.563 +11 18 49.18   11.6       ~ 284 0
91 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 939 2
92 Mrk 59 AGN 12 59 00.288 +34 50 42.45           ~ 317 2
93 NGC 4861 H2G 12 59 02.340 +34 51 33.98   12.90 12.32     ~ 383 2
94 NGC 4866 LIN 12 59 27.0952921176 +14 10 16.382228232   11.9       ~ 210 0
95 NGC 5005 GiP 13 10 56.312 +37 03 32.19   14.67 13.67     ~ 541 2
96 NGC 5033 Sy2 13 13 27.535 +36 35 37.14   11.01 12.03 9.73   ~ 869 3
97 M 63 LIN 13 15 49.2741893928 +42 01 45.728076108   9.34 8.59 8.35   ~ 1223 2
98 NGC 5204 LSB 13 29 36.508 +58 25 07.43   11.84   11.37   ~ 471 0
99 NGC 5248 GiG 13 37 32.0145074088 +08 53 06.496982448   11.4       ~ 507 0
100 NGC 5322 SyG 13 49 15.24 +60 11 25.8   11.3       ~ 415 2
101 NGC 5334 LSB 13 52 54.4632396696 -01 06 52.604999568   12.0   12.3 12.1 ~ 170 0
102 NGC 5390 LIN 13 55 39.9385716624 +40 27 42.380606592   12.81 11.93 10.04   ~ 350 1
103 NGC 5364 GiP 13 56 12.004 +05 00 52.06   13.2       ~ 259 0
104 NGC 5377 AGN 13 56 16.6722507720 +47 14 08.568249072   12.39 11.46 10.87 10.25 ~ 230 1
105 NGC 5585 GiG 14 19 48.204 +56 43 44.58   11.73 11.216 11.12 10.123 ~ 430 0
106 NGC 5669 H2G 14 32 43.476 +09 53 25.47   13.2       ~ 198 0
107 NGC 5701 GiG 14 39 11.0751915840 +05 21 48.493104264 12.03 11.76 10.88     ~ 240 1
108 NGC 5746 GiP 14 44 56.005 +01 57 17.06   12.3       ~ 357 0
109 NGC 5792 Sy2 14 58 22.709 -01 05 27.89   11.8   11.8 11.1 ~ 183 0
110 NGC 5813 LIN 15 01 11.2302420864 +01 42 07.141569696 12.00 11.45 10.46 10.06   ~ 637 1
111 NGC 5850 LIN 15 07 07.6828131840 +01 32 39.513281352   11.5   10.79 11.1 ~ 315 1
112 NGC 5985 SyG 15 39 37.0545742176 +59 19 55.216886664   15.24 14.22     ~ 249 0
113 NGC 6015 AG? 15 51 25.2376583904 +62 18 36.233118396   11.69 11.14 10.61 10.08 ~ 237 0
114 NGC 6118 EmG 16 21 48.6065282088 -02 17 00.680742060   13.20   12.0 11.7 ~ 201 0
115 NGC 6384 AG? 17 32 24.2848390896 +07 03 37.531624968   13.2       ~ 304 0
116 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 520 1

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