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Query : 2000PASP..112..873W |
2000PASP..112..873W - Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac., 112, 873-924 (2000/July-0)
Magnetism in isolated and binary white dwarfs. (Invited review).
WICKRAMASINGHE D.T. and FERRARIO L.
Abstract (from CDS):
About 80% of the isolated MWDs have almost pure H atmospheres and show only hydrogen lines in their spectra (the magnetic DAs), while the remainder show He I lines (the magnetic DBs) or molecular bands of C2 and CH (magnetic DQs) and have helium as the dominant atmospheric constituent, mirroring the situation in the nonmagnetic white dwarfs. The incidence of stars of mixed composition (H and He) appears to be higher among the MWDs.
There is growing evidence based on trigonometric parallaxes, space motions, and spectroscopic analyses that the isolated MWDs tend as a class to have a higher mass than the nonmagnetic white dwarfs. The mean mass for 16 MWDs with well-constrained masses is ≳0.95 M☉. Magnetic fields may therefore play a significant role in angular momentum and mass loss in the post-main-sequence phases of single star evolution affecting the initial-final mass relationship, a view supported by recent work on cluster MWDs. The progenitors of the vast majority of the isolated MWDs are likely to be the magnetic Ap and Bp stars. However, the discovery of two MWDs with masses within a few percent of the Chandrasekhar limit, one of which is also rapidly rotating (Pspin=12 minutes), has led to the proposal that these may be the result of double-degenerate (DD) mergers. An intriguing possibility is that magnetism, through its effect on the initial-final mass relationship, may also favor the formation of more massive double degenerates in close binary evolution. The magnetic DDs may therefore be more likely progenitors of Type Ia supernovae.
A subclass of the isolated MWDs appear to rotate slowly with no evidence of spectral or polarimetric variability over periods of tens of years, while others exhibit rapid rotation with coherent periods in the range of tens of minutes to hours or days. There is a strong suggestion of a bimodal period distribution. The ``rapidly'' rotating isolated MWDs may include as a subclass stars which have been spun up during a DD merger or a previous phase of mass transfer from a companion star.
Zeeman spectroscopy and polarimetry, and cyclotron spectroscopy, have variously been used to estimate magnetic fields of the isolated MWDs and the MWDs in MCVs and to place strong constraints on the field structure. The surface field distributions tend in general to be strongly nondipolar and to a first approximation can be modeled by dipoles that are offset from the center by ∼10%-30% of the stellar radius along the dipole axis. Other stars show extreme spectral variations with rotational phase which cannot be modeled by off-centered dipoles. More exotic field structures with spot-type field enhancements appear to be necessary. These field structures are even more intriguing and suggest that some of the basic assumptions inherent in most calculations of field evolution, such as force-free fields and free ohmic decay, may be oversimplistic.
Abstract Copyright: ∼
Journal keyword(s): Stars: Novae, Cataclysmic Variables - Polarization - radiative transfer - Stars: Magnetic Fields - Stars: Variables: Other - Stars: White Dwarfs
CDS comments: In abstract and header of par. 3.2.1, Grw +70 8047 misprint for +70 8247, in par. 4.5.1, PG 1031+254 misprint for 1031+234. Table 2: Some RX JHHMM+DD are not identified (format too short).
Simbad objects: 123
Number of rows : 123 |
N | Identifier | Otype |
ICRS (J2000) RA |
ICRS (J2000) DEC |
Mag U | Mag B | Mag V | Mag R | Mag I | Sp type |
#ref
1850 - 2024 |
#notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | LAWD 1 | WD* | 00 02 40.0947866937 | -34 13 39.592411637 | 15.36 | 14.94 | DC | 66 | 0 | |||
2 | JL 155 | WD* | 00 05 38.9808865632 | -56 44 41.501807520 | 15.8 | 15.40 | DB | 11 | 0 | |||
3 | EGGR 381 | WD* | 00 12 14.7449947981 | +50 25 20.736275736 | 14.6 | 14.2 | DA7.6 | 93 | 0 | |||
4 | G 158-45 | WD* | 00 14 12.7919361867 | -13 11 01.087005764 | 16.48 | 15.88 | DC8H | 56 | 0 | |||
5 | MCT 0026-2150 | WD* | 00 29 26.1566496072 | -21 33 41.746202028 | 16.587 | 16.003 | 15.739 | DBH | 12 | 0 | ||
6 | G 270-42 | PM* | 00 42 31.3095624072 | -10 56 09.534282792 | 16.03 | 14.38 | 14.01 | ~ | 5 | 0 | ||
7 | Feige 7 | WD* | 00 43 45.9806246832 | -10 00 25.016051736 | 14.49 | DBAP3 | 101 | 0 | ||||
8 | PB 6290 | WD* | 01 10 13.2500862840 | -01 42 02.926755648 | 16.734 | 16.593 | DB | 14 | 0 | |||
9 | V* EQ Cet | CV* | 01 28 52.5445391424 | -23 39 43.959940812 | 19.06 | 17.97 | 17.71 | ~ | 32 | 0 | ||
10 | GD 1363 | WD* | 01 29 56.1194726184 | -30 55 09.826605372 | 15.13 | 14.51 | DB | 28 | 0 | |||
11 | V* CV Hyi | CV* | 01 32 42.0237133838 | -65 54 32.215873874 | ~ | 25 | 0 | |||||
12 | LAWD 10 | WD* | 01 37 59.3936818351 | -04 59 44.668541360 | 13.20 | 12.83 | 12.8 | DA+D1 | 179 | 0 | ||
13 | PG 0136+251 | WD* | 01 38 52.9776840264 | +25 23 22.640581464 | 15.83 | DA1.2 | 84 | 0 | ||||
14 | V* BL Hyi | CV* | 01 41 00.3996430344 | -67 53 27.470100660 | 14.9 | Am | 210 | 0 | ||||
15 | PB 8995 | WD* | 02 01 43.6476688152 | -03 01 59.829919572 | 16.7 | 17.1 | 16.9 | DAH | 15 | 0 | ||
16 | V* WW Hor | CV* | 02 36 11.4416723017 | -52 19 13.941469900 | ~ | 78 | 0 | |||||
17 | PHL 4227 | WD? | 02 38 41.2504673376 | -26 43 19.880111892 | 17.1 | 16.6 | 16.1 | ~ | 17 | 0 | ||
18 | KPD 0253+5052 | WD* | 02 57 22.0342360368 | +51 03 43.484347872 | 14.26 | 15.18 | 15.22 | 15.60 | DAH | 36 | 0 | |
19 | EGGR 476 | WD* | 02 59 59.1463320316 | +08 11 56.433119456 | 16.33 | 15.90 | 15.3 | DA7.8 | 50 | 0 | ||
20 | MWD 0307-428 | WD* | 03 09 38.1831821280 | -42 40 42.715193484 | 16.3 | DAH | 16 | 0 | ||||
21 | V* EF Eri | CV* | 03 14 13.2526234800 | -22 35 42.900077688 | 15.4 | 14.53 | 13.5 | ~ | 433 | 0 | ||
22 | V* CL Oct | WD* | 03 17 15.8468594712 | -85 32 25.558244556 | 13.78 | 13.66 | 15.19 | DAP | 164 | 1 | ||
23 | LB 9802 | WD* | 03 17 19.1282833488 | -85 32 31.288377552 | 13.78 | 13.66 | 14.43 | DA | 132 | 1 | ||
24 | KUV 03292+0035 | WD* | 03 31 45.6928429512 | +00 45 16.985424096 | 16.7 | DAH | 34 | 0 | ||||
25 | V* VY For | CV* | 03 32 04.6053469152 | -25 56 55.063844916 | 17.5 | M4.5V: | 37 | 0 | ||||
26 | HE 0330-0002 | WD* | 03 33 20.3685575184 | +00 07 20.656091172 | 16.8 | DBH | 29 | 0 | ||||
27 | V* UZ For | CV* | 03 35 28.6518733656 | -25 44 21.768755424 | M4.5 | 267 | 0 | |||||
28 | HE 0338-3853 | ** | 03 40 36.79008 | -38 43 41.4516 | 16.59 | 16.11 | DA+K5V | 9 | 0 | |||
29 | V* RS Cae | CV* | 04 53 25.5511419734 | -42 13 39.629891111 | Am | 37 | 0 | |||||
30 | RX J0501.4-0332 | X | 05 01 16.0 | -03 33 50 | ~ | 2 | 0 | |||||
31 | LP 777-1 | WD* | 05 05 52.4599051681 | -17 22 43.482694273 | 16.71 | 15.97 | DAH9 | 52 | 0 | |||
32 | V* V1309 Ori | CV* | 05 15 41.4123253872 | +01 04 40.481073984 | M0.5 | 108 | 0 | |||||
33 | V* UW Pic | CV* | 05 31 35.6477519256 | -46 24 04.962759156 | ~ | 46 | 0 | |||||
34 | V* BY Cam | CV* | 05 42 48.8013535344 | +60 51 31.376128608 | 16.60 | ~ | 257 | 0 | ||||
35 | EGGR 248 | WD* | 05 51 19.4818569216 | -00 10 21.107152956 | 15.06 | 14.60 | DQ8P | 149 | 0 | |||
36 | EGGR 290 | WD* | 05 56 25.4599888487 | +05 21 48.443176471 | 14.77 | 14.13 | 14.00 | DA8P | 152 | 0 | ||
37 | RX J0616.8-6457 | WD* | 06 16 51.8029331520 | -64 57 31.963896828 | 17.6 | 18.4 | 18.42 | DA | 21 | 0 | ||
38 | GD 77 | WD* | 06 41 12.8216879232 | +47 44 19.650545124 | 14.93 | 14.9 | DAP3.4 | 55 | 0 | |||
39 | V* HS Cam | CV* | 07 19 14.5154497992 | +65 57 44.306885988 | 19.01 | ~ | 29 | 0 | ||||
40 | V* BG CMi | CV* | 07 31 29.0079060264 | +09 56 23.030740248 | 14.5 | ~ | 228 | 0 | ||||
41 | EGGR 321 | WD* | 07 33 30.8802796728 | +64 09 27.434704716 | 16.4 | 15.6 | DA11P | 49 | 0 | |||
42 | V* PQ Gem | CV* | 07 51 17.3280306912 | +14 44 23.874868716 | 14.415 | 14.162 | 13.945 | ~ | 227 | 0 | ||
43 | EGGR 428 | WD* | 07 59 59.5807976955 | +43 35 21.102152499 | 16.39 | 16.0 | DAH | 42 | 0 | |||
44 | RX J0806.3+1527 | XB* | 08 06 22.9520149296 | +15 27 31.002199488 | 20.7 | 20 | 21.2 | ~ | 144 | 0 | ||
45 | V* VV Pup | CV* | 08 15 06.8009599464 | -19 03 17.765706024 | 13.90 | M7V | 398 | 0 | ||||
46 | GD 90 | WD* | 08 19 46.3656877152 | +37 31 27.935699988 | 15.96 | 15.6 | DAP | 72 | 0 | |||
47 | RX J0823.6-2525 | WD* | 08 23 34.6655665968 | -25 25 14.953058544 | 16.7 | 15.9 | DA1.2 | 35 | 1 | |||
48 | EGGR 61 | WD* | 08 40 28.0935005160 | +19 43 34.488958224 | 17.6 | 17.66 | 17.7 | DA | 58 | 0 | ||
49 | V* EU Cnc | CV* | 08 51 27.1835851536 | +11 46 56.996141700 | 21.93 | 21.75 | ~ | 43 | 0 | |||
50 | EGGR 904 | WD* | 08 56 18.9476777928 | +16 11 03.744751560 | 15.544 | 15.595 | 15.885 | DB2 | 55 | 1 | ||
51 | EGGR 250 | WD* | 09 15 56.0774298887 | +53 25 23.857612513 | 14.09 | 14.1 | DCP7 | 142 | 0 | |||
52 | V* MN Hya | CV* | 09 29 07.0308334337 | -24 05 05.423730671 | ~ | 41 | 0 | |||||
53 | PG 0945+246 | WD* | 09 48 46.6405381296 | +24 21 25.877233728 | 14.14 | 14.25 | 14.50 | 14.47 | DA+DXP | 58 | 0 | |
54 | LP 315-42 | WD* | 10 11 41.5774767696 | +28 45 59.070596780 | 18.85 | 16.1 | DQ | 44 | 0 | |||
55 | V* GG Leo | CV* | 10 15 34.6774861296 | +09 04 41.988487224 | ~ | 50 | 0 | |||||
56 | V* V381 Vel | CV* | 10 16 59.0108380392 | -41 03 44.236207872 | 18.25 | ~ | 16 | 0 | ||||
57 | PG 1015+014 | WD* | 10 18 05.0427157728 | +01 11 23.527902156 | 16.33 | 16.3 | DA+M | 71 | 0 | |||
58 | Ton 1206 | WD* | 10 20 54.1235900880 | +36 26 47.596065468 | 16.05 | 15.74 | 16.14 | DAH | 31 | 0 | ||
59 | G 43-54 | WD* | 10 29 07.4644835685 | +11 27 19.279329583 | 17.20 | 16.2 | DAP7 | 44 | 0 | |||
60 | Ton 527 | WD* | 10 33 49.1967544416 | +23 09 16.254781992 | 15.3 | 15.73 | DAP2 | 111 | 0 | |||
61 | EGGR 535 | WD* | 10 38 55.5700182462 | -20 40 56.834110426 | 15.9 | 16.28 | 15.54 | 15.34 | DQ10P | 88 | 0 | |
62 | HE 1043-0502 | WD? | 10 46 09.7940409360 | -05 18 15.784921800 | 17.4 | 16.7 | ~ | 16 | 0 | |||
63 | V* FH UMa | CV* | 10 47 09.88 | +63 35 13.6 | 19.4 | ~ | 25 | 0 | ||||
64 | HE 1045-0908 | WD* | 10 47 36.1228977120 | -09 24 32.628359808 | 16.78 | 16.74 | DA | 26 | 0 | |||
65 | V* EK UMa | CV* | 10 51 35.1578195280 | +54 04 36.112715220 | 18 | ~ | 85 | 0 | ||||
66 | V* AN UMa | CV* | 11 04 25.6556168328 | +45 03 13.940184528 | 14.90 | ~ | 254 | 0 | ||||
67 | V* ST LMi | CV* | 11 05 39.7664319408 | +25 06 28.746723096 | 16.832 | 16.524 | 15.639 | DAH+M | 219 | 0 | ||
68 | V* AR UMa | CV* | 11 15 44.5891034908 | +42 58 22.431026739 | 16.4 | O9I | 142 | 0 | ||||
69 | V* DP Leo | CV* | 11 17 15.9239894616 | +17 57 41.690453220 | ~ | 228 | 1 | |||||
70 | Ruiz 439-162 | WD* | 11 29 52.0364782335 | -31 22 47.219201137 | 19.0 | 18.77 | 18.1 | DQH | 31 | 0 | ||
71 | LBQS 1136-0132 | WD* | 11 38 39.5170565904 | -01 49 03.017985276 | DAH | 27 | 0 | |||||
72 | V* V1033 Cen | CV* | 11 41 22.7355288051 | -64 10 14.359536576 | ~ | 17 | 0 | |||||
73 | V* EU UMa | CV* | 11 49 55.7017863576 | +28 45 07.294697604 | DB+K | 76 | 0 | |||||
74 | HE 1211-1707 | WD* | 12 14 08.2705541328 | -17 24 40.910608260 | 16.8 | 16.77 | 17.2 | DXH2.2 | 26 | 1 | ||
75 | Ton 610 | WD* | 12 23 14.5191839688 | +23 07 51.037639176 | 15.57 | 15.64 | DAP2.0 | 31 | 0 | |||
76 | HS 1254+3440 | WD* | 12 57 15.5375283432 | +34 14 39.525605016 | 17.21 | 17.08 | DAH | 35 | 1 | |||
77 | V* EV UMa | CV* | 13 07 53.8583243765 | +53 51 30.498937628 | ~ | 66 | 0 | |||||
78 | EGGR 436 | WD* | 13 08 41.1944602216 | +85 02 28.161666517 | 16.76 | 15.9 | DA9P | 52 | 0 | |||
79 | V* V1043 Cen | CV* | 13 13 17.1147127536 | -32 59 12.443490960 | ~ | 37 | 0 | |||||
80 | PG 1312+099 | WD* | 13 15 08.9589505536 | +09 37 13.900123380 | 16.41 | 16.37 | DAH | 37 | 2 | |||
81 | EGGR 437 | WD* | 13 32 50.7243936792 | +01 17 06.326972952 | 17.49 | 16.9 | DC+DA | 45 | 0 | |||
82 | SBSS 1349+545 | WD* | 13 51 41.1712315680 | +54 19 47.224875216 | 15.9 | 16.4 | DAP | 32 | 0 | |||
83 | PG 1350-090 | WD* | 13 53 15.5345099352 | -09 16 33.374583634 | 14.81 | 14.60 | DAP5.3 | 44 | 1 | |||
84 | HD 123265 | PM* | 14 06 41.2800042871 | -05 31 06.011176068 | 9.19 | 8.36 | K1V | 77 | 0 | |||
85 | V* V834 Cen | CV* | 14 09 07.2863511816 | -45 17 16.023776676 | 16.0 | 15.301 | M6.5 | 318 | 0 | |||
86 | V* CS Vir | a2* | 14 18 38.2505609712 | -18 42 57.465294264 | 5.86 | 5.90 | 5.90 | ApSi(Cr) | 313 | 0 | ||
87 | V* V895 Cen | CV* | 14 29 27.1968999776 | -38 04 09.582441495 | ~ | 40 | 0 | |||||
88 | HS 1440+7518 | WD* | 14 40 05.1341163672 | +75 05 33.787957776 | 15.1 | 15.3 | 15.2 | DA1 | 57 | 0 | ||
89 | PG 1533-057 | WD* | 15 36 34.9216754616 | -05 52 40.016244216 | 15.32 | 15.2 | DAP3 | 40 | 0 | |||
90 | PG 1550+191 | CV* | 15 52 47.1968971224 | +18 56 28.844471472 | 16.4 | 15.46 | 17.0 | M6.5Ve | 189 | 0 | ||
91 | GD 356 | WD* | 16 40 57.1485192288 | +53 41 09.317032080 | 15.39 | 15.1 | DAEH6.5 | 120 | 0 | |||
92 | PG 1658+441 | WD* | 16 59 48.4241073768 | +44 01 04.038522204 | 14.3 | 14.6 | DAP1.6 | 143 | 0 | |||
93 | V* V2400 Oph | CV* | 17 12 36.4233668016 | -24 14 44.773987164 | 14.5 | ~ | 155 | 0 | ||||
94 | V* V1007 Her | CV* | 17 24 06.2894436024 | +41 14 07.681501044 | ~ | 24 | 0 | |||||
95 | L 270-31 | WD* | 17 47 46.9220860320 | -52 07 10.885662696 | 15.8 | 15.62 | 15.9 | DAP6 | 48 | 0 | ||
96 | EGGR 372 | WD* | 17 48 07.9928195849 | +70 52 35.922050086 | 13.5 | DQ9P | 137 | 0 | ||||
97 | V* V2301 Oph | CV* | 18 00 35.5317201576 | +08 10 13.920836628 | ~ | 100 | 0 | |||||
98 | V* V884 Her | CV* | 18 02 06.4848200016 | +18 04 43.839425568 | 13.315 | 13.382 | 14.753 | ~ | 55 | 0 | ||
99 | G 183-35 | WD* | 18 16 08.8668090388 | +24 54 42.847852457 | 16.4 | 16.9 | DAP8 | 37 | 0 | |||
100 | V* AM Her | CV* | 18 16 13.2546541781 | +49 52 04.759861155 | 15.124 | 14.808 | 13.525 | M4.5-5Ve | 964 | 0 | ||
101 | G 141-2 | WD* | 18 20 30.885552 | +12 39 18.82800 | 16.66 | 16.04 | 16.31 | DA8 | 46 | 0 | ||
102 | G 227-28 | WD* | 18 21 19.8310303352 | +61 01 07.383349520 | 16.62 | 15.0 | DA10 | 50 | 0 | |||
103 | EGGR 374 | WD* | 18 30 20.2711538874 | +54 47 27.207896312 | 15.99 | 14.9 | DQ7P | 90 | 0 | |||
104 | V* V347 Pav | CV* | 18 44 48.2632656840 | -74 18 34.216501464 | ~ | 59 | 0 | |||||
105 | LAWD 73 | WD* | 19 00 10.2533239461 | +70 39 51.416733790 | 13.24 | 13.5 | DAP4.5 | 245 | 0 | |||
106 | V* EP Dra | CV* | 19 07 06.1869434379 | +69 08 43.874477499 | 18 | ~ | 64 | 0 | ||||
107 | RX J1914.4+2456 | XB* | 19 14 26.0922577338 | +24 56 43.322660677 | ~ | 138 | 0 | |||||
108 | V* QS Tel | CV* | 19 38 35.8144163880 | -46 12 57.106344420 | ~ | 115 | 0 | |||||
109 | V* V1432 Aql | CV* | 19 40 11.4199326288 | -10 25 25.771706256 | 14.40 | 15.437 | ~ | 169 | 0 | |||
110 | LAWD 79 | WD* | 19 56 29.2263375910 | -01 02 32.671070269 | 13.89 | 13.56 | 13.73 | DA6.4 | 137 | 0 | ||
111 | V* V393 Pav | CV* | 19 57 11.5514523936 | -57 38 22.427884104 | ~ | 28 | 0 | |||||
112 | V* QQ Vul | CV* | 20 05 41.9090048400 | +22 39 58.839854760 | 14.688 | 14.656 | 14.584 | M2 | 199 | 0 | ||
113 | V* V349 Pav | CV* | 20 08 55.8722388744 | -65 27 43.498283364 | ~ | 20 | 0 | |||||
114 | GD 229 | WD* | 20 12 22.2670866408 | +31 13 48.884861856 | 13.62 | 14.77 | 14.85 | DXP2 | 131 | 0 | ||
115 | V* V4738 Sgr | CV* | 20 22 37.5223551336 | -39 54 12.456114660 | ~ | 24 | 0 | |||||
116 | V* HU Aqr | CV* | 21 07 58.1944529400 | -05 17 40.557671916 | 16.198 | 15.814 | 14.891 | D+M4V | 274 | 1 | ||
117 | V* V1500 Cyg | No* | 21 11 36.5809818696 | +48 09 01.952490204 | ~ | 794 | 0 | |||||
118 | V* CD Ind | CV* | 21 15 41.0450813472 | -58 40 54.058462428 | ~ | 99 | 0 | |||||
119 | V* CE Gru | CV* | 21 37 56.38 | -43 42 13.1 | 19.5 | ~ | 34 | 0 | ||||
120 | HE 2201-2250 | WD* | 22 04 45.2262547968 | -22 36 13.483980936 | 16.2 | DH | 15 | 0 | ||||
121 | V* CP Tuc | CV* | 23 15 19.0034090472 | -59 10 29.129147076 | ~ | 37 | 0 | |||||
122 | KUV 23162+1220 | WD* | 23 18 45.1023093816 | +12 36 02.772571752 | 15.54 | 15.38 | DAP4 | 56 | 0 | |||
123 | EGGR 161 | WD* | 23 32 03.5207942068 | +26 58 46.119170653 | 15.52 | 15.2 | DAP4.2 | 49 | 0 |
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