2001A&A...365L.174P

We describe the first XMM-Newton observations of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. As known from previous X-ray observations, NGC 253 shows a mixture of extended (disk and halo) and point-source emission. The high XMM-Newton throughput allows a detailed investigation of the spatial, spectral and variability properties of these components simultaneously. We characterize the brightest sources by their hardness ratios, detect a bright X-ray transient ∼70'' SSW of the nucleus, and show the spectrum and light curve of the brightest point source (∼30'' S of the nucleus, most likely a black-hole X-ray binary, BHXRB). The unresolved emission of two disk regions can be modeled by two thin thermal plasma components (temperatures of ∼0.13 and 0.4keV) plus residual harder emission, with the lower temperature component originating from above the disk. The nuclear spectrum can be modeled by a three temperature plasma (∼0.6, 0.9, and 6keV) with the higher temperatures increasingly absorbed. The high temperature component most likely originates from the starburst nucleus, as no non-thermal component, that would point at a significant contribution from an active nucleus (AGN), is needed. Assuming that typeIIa supernova remnants (SNRs) are mostly responsible for the E>4keV emission, the detection with EPIC of the 6.7keV line allows us to estimate a supernova rate within the nuclear starburst of 0.2yr^–1. The unprecedented combination of RGS and EPIC also sheds new light on the emission of the complex nuclear region, the X-ray plume and the disk diffuse emission. In particular, EPIC images reveal that the limb-brightening of the plume is mostly seen in higher ionization emission lines, while in the lower ionization lines, and below 0.5keV, the plume is more homogeneously structured. The plume spectrum can again be modeled by a three temperature thermal plasma containing the two low temperature nuclear components (though less absorbed) plus an unabsorbed 0.15 keV component similar to the disk spectra. This points to new interpretations as to the make up of the starburst-driven outflow.