SIMBAD references

We numerically investigate stellar and gaseous dynamical evolution of mergers among five identical late-type disk galaxies with the special emphasis on star formation history and chemical evolution of multiple galaxy mergers. We found that multiple encounter and merging can trigger repetitive massive starbursts (typically ∼100 M_☉.yr^–1) owing to the strong tidal disturbance and the resultant gaseous dissipation during merging. The magnitude of the starburst is found to depend on initial virial ratio (i.e., the ratio of total kinematical energy to total potential energy) such that the maximum star formation rate is larger for the merger with smaller virial ratio. Furthermore, we found that the time interval between the epochs of the triggered starbursts is longer for the merger with the larger virial ratio. The remnant of a multiple galaxy merger with massive starbursts is found to have a metal-poor gaseous halo that is formed by tidal stripping during the merging. We accordingly suggest that a metal-poor gaseous halo in a field elliptical galaxy is a fossil record of the past multiple merging events for the galaxy.