SIMBAD references

The Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N) is one of the best-studied extragalactic fields, and ultradeep optical, radio, X-ray, and mid-infrared wide-field images are available for this area. Here we present an 850 µm survey around the HDF-N, covering most of the area imaged by the Advanced Camera for Surveys as a part of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. Our map has 0.4-4 mJy sensitivities (1 σ) over an area of ∼110 arcmin², and there are 45 sources detected at greater than 3 σ. After correcting for the effects of noise, confusion, incompleteness, and the Eddington bias using Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the detected 850 µm sources with fluxes greater than 2 mJy have a surface density of 3200⁺¹⁹⁰⁰_–1000/deg2 and account for about 24%-34% of the far-infrared extragalactic background light. Using the deep radio interferometric image and the deep X-ray image, we are able to accurately locate ∼60% of the bright submillimeter sources. In addition, by assuming the Arp 220 spectral energy distribution in the submillimeter and radio, we estimate millimetric redshifts for the radio-detected submillimeter sources and redshift lower limits for the ones not detected in the radio. Using the millimetric redshifts of the radio-identified sources and spectroscopic and optical photometric redshifts for galaxies around the submillimeter positions, we find a median redshift of 2.0 for 11 possibly identified sources, or a lower limit of 2.4 for the median redshift of our 4 σ sample.