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2005MNRAS.363..405H - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 363, 405-451 (2005/October-3)
Millimetre continuum observations of southern massive star formation regions - I. SIMBA observations of cold cores.
HILL T., BURTON M.G., MINIER V., THOMPSON M.A., WALSH A.J., HUNT-CUNNINGHAM M. and GARAY G.
Abstract (from CDS):
In addition to the maser and UC Hii regions detected, we have also identified 253 other sources within the SIMBA maps. All of these (253) are new sources, detected solely from their millimetre continuum emission. These `mm-only' cores are devoid of the traditional indicators of massive star formation, (i.e. methanol/OH maser, UC Hii regions or IRAS point sources). At least 45 per cent of these mm-only cores are also without mid-infrared Mid-course Space Experiment (MSX) emission. The `mm-only' core may be an entirely new class of source that represents an earlier stage in the evolution of massive stars, prior to the onset of methanol maser emission. Or, they may harbour protoclusters which do not contain any high-mass stars (i.e. below the Hii region limit).
In total, 404 sources are detected, representing four classes of sources which are distinguished by the presence of the different combination of associated tracer/s. Their masses, estimated assuming a dust temperature of 20 K and adopting kinematic distances, range from 0.5x101 to 3.7x104M☉, with an average mass for the sample of 1.5x103M☉. The H2number density (nH2) of the source sample ranges from 1.4x103 to 1.9x106/cm3, with an average of 8.7x104/cm3. The average radius of the sample is 0.5 pc. The visual extinction ranges from 10 to 500 mag with an average of 80 mag, which implies a high degree of embedding. The surface density (Σ) varies from 0.2 to 18.0 kg/m2 with an average of 2.8 kg/m2.
Analysis of the millimetre-only sources shows that they are less massive and smaller than sources with methanol maser and/or radio continuum emission, which collectively have a mean mass of 2.5x103M☉and a mean radius of 0.7 pc.
Abstract Copyright: 2005 RAS
Journal keyword(s): masers - stars: formation - stars: fundamental parameters - Hii regions - radio continuum: ISM
VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/363/405): table5.dat>
Nomenclature: Table 5: [HBM2005] GLLL.lll+BB.bbb, [HBM2005] GLLL.lll+BB.bbbA, [HBM2005] GLLL.lll+BB.bbba, N=404.
Simbad objects: 416
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