2006A&A...449..251T

We study in this paper the ice composition in the envelope around intermediate-mass class I Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). We performed a spectroscopic survey toward five intermediate-mass class I YSOs located in the Southern Vela molecular cloud in the L (2.85-4.0µm) and M (4.55-4.8µm) bands at resolving powers λ/Δλ=600-800 up to 10000, using the Infrared Spectrometer and Array Camera mounted on the Very Large Telescope-ANTU. Lower mass companion objects were observed simultaneously in both bands. Solid H₂O at 3µm is detected in all sources, including the companion objects. CO ice at 4.67µm is detected in a few main targets and one companion object. One object (LLN 19) shows little CO ice but strong gas-phase CO ro-vibrational lines in absorption. The CO ice profiles are different from source to source. The amount of water ice and CO ice trapped in a water-rich mantle may correlate with the flux ratio at 12 and 25µm. The abundance of H₂O-rich CO likely correlates with that of water ice. A weak feature at 3.54µm attributed to solid CH_3OH and a broad feature near 4.62µm are observed toward LLN 17, but not toward the other sources. The derived abundances of solid CH₃OH and OCN^– are ∼10±2% and ∼1±0.2% of the H₂O ice abundance respectively. The H₂O optical depths do not show an increase with envelope mass, nor do they show lower values for the companion objects compared with the main protostar. The line-of-sight CO ice abundance does not correlate with the source bolometric luminosity. Comparison of the solid CO profile toward LLN 17, which shows an extremely broad CO ice feature, and that of its lower mass companion at a few thousand AU, which exhibits a narrow profile, together with the detection of OCN^– toward LLN 17 provide direct evidences for local thermal processing of the ice.