SIMBAD references

We present a study of the kinematic and spectral ages of the gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) source CTD 93. Measurements of the hot-spot separation over 8.5 yr show evidence of an increase. The separation rate along the source axis is (0.34±0.11)c (H₀=72 km/s/Mpc), which results in a kinematic age of 2200±700 yr. Assuming that two hot spots are moving apart at equal speeds, we derive an advance speed of (0.17±0.06)c. The radio-lobe spectra show a high-frequency steepening, as expected if energetic electrons lose energy by synchrotron radiation. The spectral break decreases with the distance from the hot spot in the northern component of CTD 93. This tendency is expected from the basic scenario of radio-lobe evolution involving particle acceleration at the hot spots, with the radio lobes populated by high-energy electrons that have leaked from the hot spots. Although a core-jet morphology for CTD 93 has previously been proposed, these results indicate that the morphology is similar to that of compact symmetric object (CSO). From the spectral fits in the northern component we found a break frequency of 3.7 GHz at the edge of the lobe. The resultant spectral age is ∼300 yr, assuming the equipartition magnetic field. This requires the advance speed of 0.26c, which shows a good agreement of the hot-spot motion of (0.17±0.06)c. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that CSOs are young radio sources.