2008ApJ...673..331G

Query : 2008ApJ...673..331G

2008ApJ...673..331G - Astrophys. J., 673, 331-353 (2008/January-3)

The stellar population and origin of the mysterious high-latitude star-forming cloud CG 12.

GETMAN K.V., FEIGELSON E.D., LAWSON W.A., BROOS P.S. and GARMIRE G.P.

Abstract (from CDS):

The mysterious high Galactic latitude cometary globule CG 12 has been observed with the ACIS detector on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. We detect 128 X-ray sources, of which half are likely young stars formed within the globule's head. This new population of ≳50 T Tauri stars and one new embedded protostar is far larger than the previously reported few intermediate-mass and two protostellar members of the cloud. Most of the newly discovered stars have masses 0.2-0.7 M☉, and 9%-15% have K-band excesses from inner protoplanetary disks. X-ray properties provide an independent distance estimate consistent with CG 12's unusual location ≳200 pc above the Galactic plane. The star formation efficiency in CG 12 appears to be 15%-35%, far above that seen in other triggered molecular globules. The median photometric age found for the T Tauri population assuming Siess et al. ((ref???)2000) isochrones is ∼4 Myr with a large spread of <1-20 Myr and ongoing star formation in the molecular cores. The stellar age and spatial distributions are inconsistent with a simple radiation-driven implosion (RDI) model and suggest either that CG 12 is an atypically large shocked globule or that it has been subject to several distinct episodes of triggering and ablation. We report a previously unnoticed group of B-type stars northwest of CG 12 that may be the remnants of an OB association that produced multiple supernova explosions that could have shocked and ablated the cloud over a 15-30 Myr period. HD 120958 (B3e), the most luminous member of the group, may be currently driving an RDI shock into the CG 12 cloud.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): ISM: H II Regions - ISM: Globules - open clusters and associations: individual (CG 12) - Stars: Formation - Stars: Pre-Main-Sequence - X-Rays: Stars

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/673/331): table2.dat table3.dat table4.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 2: [GFL2008] R NN N=93+14+9+12.

Simbad objects: 167

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Number of rows : 167
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 IC 1848 OpC 02 51 25.2 +60 25 08   6.87 6.5     ~ 491 2
2 ASR 106 Y*O 03 28 59.30640 +31 15 48.5172           K2.0 56 0
3 NGC 1333 OpC 03 29 11.3 +31 18 36           ~ 1450 1
4 NAME Tau-Aur Complex SFR 04 30 +25.0           ~ 1357 0
5 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4415 0
6 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2331 0
7 * sig Ori Y*O 05 38 44.7653828520 -02 36 00.283179888 2.54 3.58 3.79 3.87 4.11 O9.5V+B0.2V(n) 801 0
8 NAME Rosette Nebula HII 06 32 26.76 +04 47 37.1           ~ 492 1
9 NAME GUM Nebula ISM 07 43 -42.1           ~ 421 1
10 Ass Vel OB 2 As* 08 09 22.478 -47 21 03.46           ~ 272 0
11 * eta Cha Pu* 08 41 19.5125857944 -78 57 48.105898056 5.02 5.351 5.453     B8V 232 0
12 NAME eta Cha Association OpC 08 42 32.9 -78 57 47           ~ 363 0
13 NGC 3372 HII 10 45 02.23 -59 41 59.8           ~ 1014 2
14 V* TW Hya TT* 11 01 51.9053285064 -34 42 17.033218380   11.94 10.50 10.626 9.18 K6Ve 1892 1
15 NAME Cha 1 MoC 11 06 48 -77 18.0           ~ 1154 1
16 IC 2944 OpC 11 38 20.00 -63 22 22.0           ~ 184 0
17 NAME Lower Centaurus Crux As* 12 19 -57.1           ~ 477 1
18 HD 119277 * 13 43 00.7194032592 -38 20 08.479381236   8.74 8.83     ApSi 12 0
19 HD 119338 * 13 43 25.2937935120 -38 15 23.544258480   8.80 8.91     B5V 24 0
20 HD 119484 * 13 44 13.4964713088 -38 46 29.583494940   9.31 9.37     B8IV/V 5 0
21 HD 119627 V* 13 45 00.7056238488 -38 28 52.450381272   8.90 8.94     B7IV/V 10 0
22 HD 120124 * 13 48 15.1107244416 -38 34 12.418701636   9.13 9.21     B8V 6 0
23 HD 120958 Be* 13 53 28.2273294048 -39 03 25.924356900 6.74 7.49 7.61     B3Vnne 34 0
24 [GFL2008] IV 1 X 13 55 42.112 -40 02 58.47           ~ 1 0
25 [GFL2008] IV 2 X 13 55 43.168 -39 59 30.63       18.98   ~ 1 0
26 CXOU J135544.1-395818 * 13 55 44.1448916952 -39 58 18.435172440     12.93 12.43   ~ 1 0
27 [GFL2008] III 1 X 13 55 45.243 -39 47 15.67           ~ 1 0
28 [GFL2008] IV 4 X 13 56 00.774 -40 00 40.90           ~ 1 0
29 [GFL2008] IV 5 X 13 56 08.759 -39 54 40.92           ~ 1 0
30 [GFL2008] III 2 X 13 56 09.277 -39 45 16.75           ~ 1 0
31 [GFL2008] III 3 X 13 56 12.239 -39 45 03.38           ~ 1 0
32 2MASS J13561764-3939181 Y*? 13 56 17.6377888032 -39 39 18.245102256     17.53 14.33   ~ 2 0
33 [GFL2008] IV 6 X 13 56 28.529 -40 00 22.61           ~ 1 0
34 [GFL2008] III 5 X 13 56 28.828 -39 39 44.96           ~ 1 0
35 CXOU J135629.7-394000 PM* 13 56 29.9332514832 -39 40 00.844624488       18.98   ~ 1 0
36 [GFL2008] IV 7 X 13 56 32.731 -39 58 30.67           ~ 1 0
37 [GFL2008] IV 8 X 13 56 35.513 -39 56 47.62           ~ 1 0
38 [GFL2008] IV 9 X 13 56 37.932 -39 58 10.79           ~ 1 0
39 [GFL2008] IV 10 X 13 56 40.749 -40 07 10.29           ~ 1 0
40 [GFL2008] IV 11 X 13 56 44.438 -40 00 04.18       19.03   ~ 1 0
41 CXOU J135645.8-394551 * 13 56 45.8473326576 -39 45 51.170796720     16.72 16.87   ~ 1 0
42 CXOU J135647.8-394456 * 13 56 47.8327188600 -39 44 55.657807656     17.39 13.22   ~ 1 0
43 [GFL2008] II 1 X 13 56 50.791 -39 37 50.12           ~ 1 0
44 [GFL2008] III 9 X 13 56 53.626 -39 43 07.84       18.23   ~ 1 0
45 [GFL2008] I 1 X 13 56 57.019 -39 53 49.72           ~ 1 0
46 [GFL2008] I 2 X 13 57 02.110 -39 54 09.70           ~ 1 0
47 [GFL2008] I 3 X 13 57 03.914 -39 54 55.00           ~ 1 0
48 [GFL2008] I 4 X 13 57 04.651 -40 01 23.22           ~ 1 0
49 [GFL2008] IV 12 X 13 57 05.146 -40 03 51.50       18.97   ~ 1 0
50 CXOU J135705.3-394644 * 13 57 05.3046696096 -39 46 44.168666196     17.35 16.98   ~ 1 0
51 [GFL2008] I 5 X 13 57 06.079 -39 58 22.25       18.72   ~ 1 0
52 [GFL2008] I 6 X 13 57 08.011 -39 58 21.96           ~ 1 0
53 [GFL2008] I 7 X 13 57 09.473 -40 01 42.74           ~ 1 0
54 [GFL2008] I 8 X 13 57 09.554 -40 05 28.45           ~ 1 0
55 CXOU J135711.3-400234 * 13 57 11.3272662528 -40 02 34.609185456     13.75 14.12   ~ 2 0
56 CXOU J135712.0-400050 * 13 57 12.0353899320 -40 00 50.496725988     15.57 15.78   ~ 2 0
57 [GFL2008] I 11 X 13 57 12.316 -40 00 26.55           ~ 1 0
58 [GFL2008] I 12 X 13 57 13.128 -40 07 54.76           ~ 1 0
59 [GFL2008] I 13 X 13 57 16.116 -40 00 00.87           ~ 1 0
60 [GFL2008] I 14 X 13 57 16.752 -39 52 34.28           ~ 1 0
61 [GFL2008] I 15 X 13 57 16.934 -40 00 49.76           ~ 1 0
62 [GFL2008] I 16 X 13 57 17.033 -39 56 57.13           ~ 1 0
63 CXOU J135717.0-395710 * 13 57 17.0907171408 -39 57 10.381065336     17.47 16.32   ~ 1 0
64 [GFL2008] I 18 X 13 57 17.707 -40 00 57.75           ~ 1 0
65 [GFL2008] I 19 X 13 57 19.530 -39 55 43.62           ~ 1 0
66 [GFL2008] I 20 X 13 57 19.806 -39 54 26.24           ~ 1 0
67 [GFL2008] I 21 X 13 57 21.597 -39 52 55.14           ~ 1 0
68 [GFL2008] I 22 X 13 57 22.995 -40 06 09.82           ~ 1 0
69 [GFL2008] II 3 X 13 57 23.054 -39 37 33.52           ~ 1 0
70 [GFL2008] I 23 * 13 57 23.2186719096 -39 57 49.952606148     16.93 16.93 15.04 ~ 2 0
71 [B77] 146 GNe 13 57.4 -39 56           ~ 4 0
72 [GFL2008] II 4 X 13 57 24.139 -39 51 12.65           ~ 1 0
73 [GFL2008] I 24 X 13 57 24.230 -40 01 12.34           ~ 1 0
74 [GFL2008] I 25 X 13 57 24.840 -39 55 12.04           ~ 1 0
75 HD 121616 * 13 57 24.9238393752 -39 35 49.199565336   9.65 9.48 9.39   A5V 5 0
76 2MASS J13572565-3956081 * 13 57 25.6525237992 -39 56 08.243893716           ~ 1 0
77 NGC 5367 7 * 13 57 25.8395600928 -39 58 37.260821892 14.13 13.95 13.31 13.40 12.62 F4 5 0
78 [GFL2008] I 28 X 13 57 25.963 -39 53 03.06           ~ 1 0
79 [GFL2008] I 29 * 13 57 26.0154665856 -39 56 27.224279196       18.29 16.71 ~ 2 0
80 [GFL2008] I 30 X 13 57 26.935 -40 04 59.40           ~ 1 0
81 [GFL2008] I 31 X 13 57 27.303 -39 57 14.88           ~ 1 0
82 [GFL2008] I 32 X 13 57 27.528 -40 00 32.11           ~ 1 0
83 [GFL2008] I 33 X 13 57 27.845 -39 56 02.58           ~ 1 0
84 [GFL2008] I 34 X 13 57 28.008 -40 08 45.97           ~ 1 0
85 [GFL2008] I 35 X 13 57 28.5332103432 -40 05 01.987650312     17.85 16.55   ~ 1 0
86 MBM 112 MoC 13 57.5 -39 51           ~ 3 0
87 [GFL2008] I 36 * 13 57 32.1763277592 -39 58 36.475411872     18.70 17.30 16.11 ~ 2 0
88 [GFL2008] II 6 X 13 57 33.009 -39 46 52.47           ~ 1 0
89 [GFL2008] I 37 X 13 57 33.026 -39 57 52.68           ~ 1 0
90 [GFL2008] I 38 X 13 57 34.108 -40 03 00.48           ~ 1 0
91 [GFL2008] I 39 X 13 57 35.000 -39 51 30.10           ~ 1 0
92 [HJH2006] CG 12-SW MoC 13 57 35.5 -40 01 30           ~ 2 0
93 [GFL2008] I 40 X 13 57 35.900 -39 55 18.48           ~ 1 0
94 2MASS J13573749-3955595 X 13 57 37.499 -39 55 59.55           ~ 2 0
95 2MASS J13573821-3959477 X 13 57 38.215 -39 59 47.78           ~ 2 0
96 [GFL2008] I 43 X 13 57 38.395 -40 01 53.99           ~ 1 0
97 2MASS J13573842-4003475 * 13 57 38.4306545808 -40 03 47.707852104       18.92   ~ 1 0
98 [GFL2008] I 45 X 13 57 38.923 -39 55 58.74           ~ 1 0
99 [GFL2008] I 46 X 13 57 38.954 -39 56 00.79           ~ 1 0
100 [HJH2006] CG 12-N MoC 13 57 39.5 -39 56 18           ~ 3 0
101 [GFL2008] I 47 * 13 57 39.7332823344 -39 54 03.605037696     18.10 16.85 15.75 ~ 2 0
102 CXOU J135740.1-400325 * 13 57 40.1853352944 -40 03 25.136838072     18.19 16.86   ~ 1 0
103 CXOU J135740.4-393543 X 13 57 40.3920312744 -39 35 43.394089200       18.95   ~ 1 0
104 [GFL2008] I 49 X 13 57 40.726 -40 01 30.64           ~ 1 0
105 CXOU J135741.2-400137 * 13 57 41.2145534976 -40 01 37.842958920       18.92   ~ 2 0
106 CXOU J135741.3-400502 * 13 57 41.3601942192 -40 05 02.862528576       18.57   ~ 1 0
107 [HJH2006] CG 12-S MoC 13 57 41.4 -39 59 18           ~ 3 0
108 [GFL2008] I 52 X 13 57 41.770 -40 02 39.04           ~ 1 0
109 [GFL2008] I 53 X 13 57 41.918 -40 06 05.05           ~ 1 0
110 CG 12 CGb 13 57 42.2 -39 56 21           ~ 49 1
111 [GFL2008] I 54 X 13 57 42.284 -39 58 46.76           ~ 1 0
112 CXOU J135742.8-400227 * 13 57 42.8866167288 -40 02 27.491183628     17.63 15.62   ~ 1 0
113 2MASS J13574381-3954045 * 13 57 43.8193452576 -39 54 04.685098716           ~ 1 0
114 CD-39 8581A * 13 57 43.9439728056 -39 58 47.306795628       10.370   B7 6 0
115 NGC 5367 RNe 13 57 44 -39 58.8           ~ 30 1
116 CD-39 8581 ** 13 57 44.11656 -39 58 44.1660           B4+B7 51 0
117 CD-39 8581B * 13 57 44.1257018136 -39 58 44.194297404       10.740   B4 4 0
118 [GFL2008] I 59 X 13 57 44.486 -40 04 45.99           ~ 1 0
119 [GFL2008] I 60 X 13 57 44.983 -40 01 54.38           ~ 1 0
120 UCAC2 14621069 * 13 57 45.1114006488 -40 01 07.194565236     15.16 15.57 13.88 ~ 2 0
121 [GFL2008] I 62 X 13 57 47.134 -40 06 31.75           ~ 1 0
122 CXOU J135747.3-394730 * 13 57 47.3083841616 -39 47 30.622933104     14.74 14.47   ~ 1 0
123 [GFL2008] I 63 X 13 57 48.433 -39 56 50.09           ~ 1 0
124 CXOU J135749.9-395512 * 13 57 49.9417074528 -39 55 12.883920960     19.20 17.70   ~ 1 0
125 [GFL2008] I 65 X 13 57 52.625 -40 02 38.18           ~ 1 0
126 [GFL2008] II 9 X 13 57 53.088 -39 43 32.12       19.42   ~ 1 0
127 CXOU J135753.1-395546 X 13 57 53.1162221160 -39 55 46.759095336       18.99   ~ 1 0
128 [GFL2008] I 67 X 13 57 53.165 -40 01 48.52           ~ 1 0
129 [GFL2008] I 68 * 13 57 53.7404499168 -39 57 31.025979540     20.78 18.99   ~ 1 0
130 CXOU J135754.3-395522 * 13 57 54.3430983816 -39 55 22.156557348     14.83 13.80   ~ 1 0
131 CXOU J135754.4-400430 * 13 57 54.4808866008 -40 04 30.371750112     14.22 10.68   ~ 1 0
132 [GFL2008] I 71 X 13 57 54.525 -39 57 35.70           ~ 1 0
133 CXOU J135755.7-395923 * 13 57 55.6854137568 -39 59 23.083667052     19.55 17.78   ~ 1 0
134 CXOU J135755.8-395354 * 13 57 55.8892750224 -39 53 53.827255572       18.02   ~ 1 0
135 GN 13.54.9 RNe 13 57 56 -40 04.3           ~ 2 0
136 CD-39 8583 * 13 57 56.0166605088 -40 04 19.291406268   10.21 10.11 8.07   B8 11 0
137 [GFL2008] I 75 X 13 57 57.001 -39 52 10.54           ~ 1 0
138 [GFL2008] I 76 X 13 57 57.240 -40 04 34.03           ~ 1 0
139 [GFL2008] I 77 X 13 57 57.870 -40 00 34.54           ~ 1 0
140 [GFL2008] I 78 X 13 57 58.382 -39 53 13.57           ~ 1 0
141 CXOU J135758.4-395921 * 13 57 58.4051308368 -39 59 21.768977832     14.50 13.63   ~ 1 0
142 CXOU J135800.0-395551 * 13 58 00.0057301248 -39 55 51.664012716     17.32 16.05   ~ 1 0
143 CRTS J135800.4-395002 EB* 13 58 00.2074104648 -39 50 04.596587340     14.69 15.21   ~ 2 0
144 [GFL2008] II 11 X 13 58 02.323 -39 50 02.49           ~ 1 0
145 CD-39 8586 * 13 58 03.4416682560 -39 57 50.608093680   10.08 9.12 8.55   K0 8 0
146 [GFL2008] I 82 X 13 58 05.136 -40 03 16.41           ~ 1 0
147 [GFL2008] I 83 X 13 58 05.271 -39 59 28.20           ~ 1 0
148 LEDA 592737 G 13 58 05.9118224856 -39 53 58.309838880   17.10 16.03 15.44   ~ 6 0
149 [GFL2008] I 85 X 13 58 06.864 -40 03 36.68           ~ 1 0
150 CXOU J135808.0-394319 * 13 58 08.0580210432 -39 43 20.010476640     17.41 11.38   ~ 1 0
151 [GFL2008] I 86 X 13 58 08.189 -39 59 49.88           ~ 1 0
152 [GFL2008] I 87 X 13 58 08.791 -39 53 35.57           ~ 1 0
153 [GFL2008] II 13 X 13 58 09.811 -39 35 44.42           ~ 1 0
154 [GFL2008] I 88 X 13 58 09.967 -39 52 43.98       19.03   ~ 1 0
155 [GFL2008] I 89 X 13 58 14.014 -40 03 38.17           ~ 1 0
156 [GFL2008] II 14 X 13 58 17.306 -39 42 26.05           ~ 1 0
157 CXOU J135818.2-395640 * 13 58 18.2646321456 -39 56 41.582676084     17.17 17.21   ~ 1 0
158 [GFL2008] I 91 X 13 58 19.057 -39 57 43.61           ~ 1 0
159 CXOU J135825.5-395819 * 13 58 25.6600255008 -39 58 19.435787580       18.32   ~ 1 0
160 [GFL2008] I 93 X 13 58 28.516 -39 57 03.92           ~ 1 0
161 GSH 323+34-21 sh 14 05 -25.8           ~ 2 0
162 NAME Upper Centaurus Lupus As* 15 24 -41.9           ~ 472 1
163 NAME Upper Sco Association As* 16 12 -23.4           ~ 1369 1
164 NAME Upper Sco-Cen As* 16 15 -24.2           ~ 1330 1
165 NAME Serpens Cloud SFR 18 29 49 +01 14.8           ~ 1100 2
166 IC 1396 OpC 21 38 58.8 +57 30 50           ~ 496 1
167 GIRL G318+32 IR ~ ~           ~ 1 0

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