2009ApJ...700.1216M


Query : 2009ApJ...700.1216M

2009ApJ...700.1216M - Astrophys. J., 700, 1216-1232 (2009/August-1)

Variability of Be stars in southern open clusters.

McSWAIN M.V., HUANG W. and GIES D.R.

Abstract (from CDS):

We recently discovered a large number of highly active Be stars in the open cluster NGC 3766, making it an excellent location to study the formation mechanism of Be star disks. To explore whether similar disk appearances and/or disappearances are common among the Be stars in other open clusters, we present here multiple epochs of Hα spectroscopy for 296 stars in eight open clusters. We identify 12 new transient Be stars and confirm 17 additional Be stars with relatively stable disks. By comparing the Hα equivalent widths to the photometric y - Hα colors, we present a method to estimate the strength of the Hα emission when spectroscopy is not available. For a subset of 128 stars in four open clusters, we also use blue optical spectroscopy and available Strömgren photometry to measure their projected rotational velocities, effective temperatures, and polar surface gravities. We combine our Be star detections from these four clusters to investigate physical differences between the transient Be stars, stable Be stars, and normal B-type stars with no line emission. Both types of Be stars are faster rotating populations than normal B-type stars, and we find no significant physical differences between the transient and stable Be stars in our sample.

Abstract Copyright:

Journal keyword(s): open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 3293, NGC 3766, NGC 4755, NGC 6231) - stars: emission-line, Be

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/700/1216): table2.dat table5.dat>

Simbad objects: 137

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Number of rows : 137
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024
#notes
1 IC 2581 OpC 10 27 28.1 -57 37 34   4.79 4.3     ~ 134 0
2 Cl* NGC 3293 MG 4 * 10 35 19.8352152360 -58 07 35.569269984           B 7 0
3 Cl* NGC 3293 BVC 81 * 10 35 22.6999862578 -58 17 08.301761833   12.41 12.29     B5IIIn 14 0
4 Cl* NGC 3293 ESL 69 * 10 35 24.0791748096 -58 13 28.636078908 11.91 12.32 12.20 12.18 12.06 B5V 13 0
5 Cl* NGC 3293 ESL 52 * 10 35 29.8897641288 -58 09 28.394133480   11.99 11.77     B 5 0
6 Cl* NGC 3293 BVC 118 * 10 35 30.1260660600 -58 12 44.792921088 12.92 13.13 12.98 12.85 12.68 B 12 0
7 HD 303075 Be* 10 35 32.2824035520 -58 15 22.246168032 9.21 10.02 9.97 10.15 9.80 Be 38 0
8 Cl* NGC 3293 MG 8 Pe* 10 35 36.4463509752 -58 08 10.360395384           B 9 0
9 CPD-57 3492 * 10 35 36.6083720568 -58 16 04.252708956 11.09 11.62 11.54 11.46 11.33 B2.5V 13 0
10 Cl* NGC 3293 BVC 100 Be* 10 35 38.1405251472 -58 12 20.724634836 12.64 12.89 12.78 12.67 12.55 Be 8 0
11 Cl* NGC 3293 B 228 * 10 35 40.2711389160 -58 13 01.279323912 12.76 13.00 12.86 12.78 12.66 B6.5V 14 0
12 V* V405 Car s*b 10 35 48.2142075456 -58 12 33.202086660 8.35 9.234 9.242 9.772 9.19 B0Iab 60 0
13 CPD-57 3509 * 10 35 48.9972741480 -58 14 54.297364704 10.16 10.82 10.70 10.59 10.49 B2III 40 0
14 Cl* NGC 3293 FM 32 * 10 35 52.2241813560 -58 12 39.065193972   13.07 12.87     B8Ve 13 0
15 NGC 3293 OpC 10 35 52.8 -58 13 52           ~ 312 0
16 HD 91983 * 10 35 54.2060148744 -58 15 26.970947496 7.79 8.62 8.55 8.49 8.42 B2III 89 0
17 CPD-57 3518 Be* 10 35 54.6651969288 -58 13 48.828154908 9.97 10.64 10.62 10.57 10.49 Be 26 0
18 Cl* NGC 3293 ESL 86 * 10 35 54.9182884944 -58 06 49.225846860   12.68 12.52     B5V 10 0
19 CPD-57 3519 * 10 35 55.3786297104 -58 12 19.905720192 9.18 9.92 9.96 9.97 9.95 B1.5III 22 0
20 CPD-57 3522 * 10 35 56.5884258456 -58 11 31.603843788 9.31 10.11 10.13 10.10 10.10 B2III 35 0
21 CPD-57 3524A Be* 10 35 58.6210238184 -58 12 32.327421624 8.53 9.28 9.09 8.87 8.72 Be 33 0
22 HD 92007 Pu* 10 36 01.5932715912 -58 15 09.587110032 8.26 9.00 8.92 9.57 8.74 B1III 70 0
23 HD 303065 * 10 36 04.9106858208 -58 10 43.373010576 9.18 9.99 9.98 10.19   B8 38 0
24 CPD-57 3531 Be* 10 36 05.9415846216 -58 14 27.174407892 9.63 10.30 10.28 10.48 10.15 Be 37 0
25 Cl* NGC 3293 ESL 80 * 10 36 06.5636016936 -58 06 55.002807756   12.50 12.36     B5V 10 0
26 Cl* NGC 3293 BVC 93 * 10 36 08.7513820080 -58 15 57.548872548   12.80 12.63     B 8 0
27 Cl* NGC 3293 ESL 67 * 10 36 13.4820744912 -58 11 20.819490324   12.43 12.17     B3V 16 0
28 Cl* NGC 3293 ESL 94 * 10 36 17.9106071760 -58 14 29.678549856 12.65 12.93 12.70 12.60 12.43 B5V 15 0
29 Cl* NGC 3293 ESL 85 * 10 36 28.0100730384 -58 08 18.009009528   12.62 12.49     B5V 10 0
30 HD 306657 Be* 11 35 15.1705815168 -61 41 59.551771488   10.383 10.299 10.36   B2Ve 30 0
31 HD 306793 Be* 11 35 22.0708509960 -61 32 10.949862480   10.606 10.532 10.84   B3Ve 25 0
32 CPD-60 3083 * 11 35 35.8678379760 -61 35 00.763638828   10.364 10.342     B 10 0
33 CPD-60 3088 * 11 35 36.8859783096 -61 34 04.972810836   10.623 10.620     B 10 0
34 Cl* NGC 3766 MG 129 * 11 35 41.1562324776 -61 37 32.562050484   12.447 12.364     B 6 0
35 CPD-60 3091 * 11 35 41.3234148720 -61 36 56.190942936   10.531 10.511     B 9 0
36 HD 306785 * 11 35 48.5749575648 -61 29 19.187001744   9.671 9.663     B3 21 0
37 NGC 3766 253 * 11 35 50.8600527024 -61 41 56.505477660   12.245 12.145     B 8 0
38 HD 306795 * 11 35 51.9938438400 -61 39 39.678067512   10.689 10.671     A 17 0
39 CPD-60 3101 * 11 35 54.4255664592 -61 34 30.479821644   10.823 10.807     ~ 13 0
40 HD 100856 Be* 11 35 55.4594969064 -61 36 13.744109088 7.29 8.52 8.57 9.41   B5III 47 0
41 CPD-60 3104 * 11 35 55.7374788696 -61 32 32.026448256   10.88 10.79     ~ 13 0
42 CPD-60 3108 Be* 11 36 01.1057037672 -61 37 18.495545592 9.45 10.05 10.05 10.60   B2Vnep 27 0
43 Cl* NGC 3766 MG 126 * 11 36 02.4249686961 -61 37 26.431800036           B 4 0
44 HD 306797 Be* 11 36 05.4841182288 -61 42 06.058771524 9.19 9.93 9.78 10.06   B5IIe 46 0
45 CPD-60 3122 Be* 11 36 08.0249990784 -61 38 38.208805404   10.04 10.00     B3nep_sh 26 0
46 CPD-60 3120 * 11 36 08.2502552952 -61 34 19.384238280   10.67 10.70     B4V 12 0
47 HD 306798 Be* 11 36 09.3687546672 -61 41 41.574344856 8.84 9.74 9.64 9.83   B3IV 40 0
48 CPD-60 3125 Be* 11 36 09.5641183512 -61 35 38.145238836 8.58 9.15 9.13 9.72   B2IVe 38 0
49 CPD-60 3126 Be* 11 36 10.1588602440 -61 37 39.889165296 8.66 9.27 9.26     B1.5Vn 36 0
50 NGC 3766 34 * 11 36 10.8657114318 -61 36 38.911972295           B 4 0
51 CPD-60 3128 Be* 11 36 11.865192 -61 35 50.27604 7.78     9.27   B3III 30 0
52 CPD-60 3131 * 11 36 12.0290610408 -61 35 10.635848736   11.3 11.3     B 9 0
53 CD-60 3626A Be* 11 36 12.3647329632 -61 32 44.968102584       10.24   B3V 10 0
54 CD-60 3626B Be* 11 36 12.5246565264 -61 32 40.225579368   9.5 9.4 10.50   B3Ve 17 0
55 CPD-60 3133 Pu* 11 36 14.0477334936 -61 37 35.684635944 9.46 9.948 9.885     B2Vp 25 0
56 NGC 3766 OpC 11 36 14.6 -61 36 58   5.66 5.3     ~ 213 0
57 CPD-60 3135 * 11 36 15.7738371888 -61 36 08.150540688   11.138 11.070     B 9 0
58 CPD-60 3134 * 11 36 15.8729045568 -61 35 01.636264896 9.9 10.46 10.42     B2IV-V 14 0
59 CPD-60 3143 * 11 36 21.0123791496 -61 36 58.424879880 9.71 10.265 10.196     B1.5V 19 0
60 CD-60 3629 * 11 36 21.1023463152 -61 39 03.334192596 8.45 9.004 8.982 9.64   B2IV-V 30 0
61 CPD-60 3147 * 11 36 21.3761483760 -61 35 15.017863668 9.2 9.48 9.43     B2IV-Vn 18 0
62 NGC 3766 54 * 11 36 21.6411675504 -61 37 38.061967008   11.450 11.377     B 6 0
63 CPD-60 3149 Be* 11 36 21.8444654904 -61 36 29.851022304   10.36 10.33 10.71   B4Vne 13 0
64 CPD-60 3144 Be* 11 36 21.9357212616 -61 37 28.468363548   10.915 10.836     Be 15 0
65 NGC 3766 13 * 11 36 22.6880780400 -61 33 33.966047772   12.773 12.680     B 9 0
66 NGC 3766 233 * 11 36 29.9172805200 -61 39 47.162577276   12.545 12.433     B 5 0
67 HD 306791 Be* 11 36 31.5551060424 -61 34 25.733980380 8.03 8.507 8.429 9.35   B4III 45 0
68 NGC 3766 45 * 11 36 32.0976857208 -61 36 25.969784796   11.704 11.604     B 6 0
69 Cl* NGC 3766 MG 118 * 11 36 33.0805329048 -61 37 14.478147012   12.093 12.020     B 5 0
70 Cl* NGC 3766 MG 162 * 11 36 34.4681215248 -61 39 13.238040168   12.737 12.621     B 7 0
71 NGC 3766 218 * 11 36 36.0232808136 -61 39 57.948017400   11.930 11.851     B 6 0
72 CPD-60 3163 * 11 36 37.7407895448 -61 33 11.024513244   10.996 10.959     B 7 0
73 CPD-60 3164 * 11 36 38.3981294928 -61 34 10.589488176   11.437 11.385     B 10 0
74 CPD-60 3167 * 11 36 40.4399933904 -61 34 22.811093004   11.547 11.467     B 7 0
75 CPD-60 3166 * 11 36 40.81 -61 35 41.1 11.035 11.375 11.390     ~ 9 0
76 CPD-60 3165 Be* 11 36 41.8899723936 -61 37 53.803109568 10.665 11.106 11.020     Be 12 0
77 HD 100969 * 11 36 41.8917551472 -61 31 37.393274460 8.47 9.074 9.055     B2/5 25 0
78 Cl* NGC 3766 MG 155 * 11 36 46.0054139568 -61 38 37.766752872   12.512 12.388     B 9 0
79 NGC 3766 213 * 11 36 48.6360528768 -61 40 10.144638516   11.955 11.890 11.964   B 8 1
80 CPD-60 3174 * 11 36 49.3496629896 -61 36 21.023829972   11.045 10.977     B 16 0
81 HD 100989 * 11 36 50.4765684168 -61 40 00.834520656   9.031 9.002     B3II/III 19 0
82 CPD-60 3180 * 11 36 59.5051506336 -61 36 50.252105160   10.948 10.894     B 6 0
83 Cl* NGC 4755 MG 222 * 12 52 44.9780541648 -60 25 27.857043912           B 4 0
84 Cl* NGC 4755 ESL 86 * 12 52 45.06 -60 19 58.5   13.18 12.79     B 2 0
85 HD 312077 * 12 52 53.6935386960 -60 22 42.689193384   10.92 10.79 10.25   A0 10 0
86 HD 312073 * 12 52 54.6729886152 -60 15 16.157482056   11.99 11.65     B5V 6 0
87 HD 312074 * 12 52 57.5025758184 -60 17 23.997846156   10.80 10.59 10.70   OB 21 0
88 V* CQ Cru EB* 12 53 18.3746419440 -60 22 07.922862408   12.76 12.47     B5III-V 15 0
89 CD-59 4454 EB* 12 53 20.6734801416 -60 23 16.843450812 9.26 9.90 9.74 10.03   B1V 53 0
90 NGC 4755 139 Be* 12 53 26.4615481560 -60 19 00.353445744   11.87 11.58     Be 13 0
91 NGC 4755 OpC 12 53 39.6 -60 22 16           ~ 289 0
92 NGC 4755 214 * 12 53 43.1949945096 -60 20 47.336326836   11.38 11.21     B2.5Vn 11 0
93 CPD-59 4552 * 12 53 46.4935086912 -60 24 12.419407044 7.79 8.337 8.24 9.13   B1III 51 0
94 CPD-59 4550 bC* 12 53 46.9935752640 -60 18 35.656553808 9.63 10.49 10.29     B1.5Vn 34 0
95 NGC 4755 19 Be* 12 53 47.2558281504 -60 22 20.026276860   9.815 9.587     B1.5Vnpe 20 0
96 V* EH Cru Pu* 12 53 49.3863341544 -60 20 57.491933928   11.89 11.69 11.69   B3V 16 1
97 CPD-59 4559 Be* 12 53 51.5776218216 -60 23 16.874046276 9.76 10.254 9.983     B0IIIe 32 0
98 NGC 4755 313 Be* 12 53 51.8049647088 -60 23 54.222368856   11.70 11.54     B3Ve 8 0
99 Cl Hogg 16 OpC 13 29 18 -61 12.0           ~ 65 0
100 Cl Collinder 272 OpC 13 30 20.6 -61 19 08   8.25 7.7     ~ 64 0
101 * del Sco SB* 16 00 20.00528 -22 37 18.1431 1.30 2.20 2.32 2.36 2.49 B0.3IV 740 0
102 HD 326327 Be* 16 53 39.0780958656 -41 47 48.021660096 9.372 9.969 9.729 10.03 9.312 B1.5Ve 53 0
103 Cl* NGC 6231 SBL 135 Be* 16 53 42.1655694432 -41 41 12.114510972 11.988 12.302 12.007   11.539 Be 7 0
104 NGC 6231 41 Y*O 16 53 44.0300553960 -41 50 36.790108080 12.498 12.704 12.423   11.951 ~ 13 0
105 HD 326328 SB* 16 53 45.5874473424 -41 49 09.633232164 9.792 10.382 10.213   9.857 B3 39 0
106 2MASS J16535119-4150538 Y*? 16 53 51.1986460008 -41 50 53.780192484 12.810 12.893 12.616   12.167 ~ 14 0
107 NGC 6231 24 Be* 16 53 56.1157621704 -41 46 37.868545596 11.643 11.959 11.718   11.349 B_ 15 0
108 NGC 6231 278 Y*O 16 53 57.8974156680 -41 50 04.476614208 12.509 12.547 12.247   11.801 ~ 12 0
109 V* V1032 Sco bC* 16 53 58.6055666592 -41 48 41.790648132 9.327 9.920 9.767 9.811 9.445 B2V 41 0
110 2MASS J16535997-4146263 Y*? 16 53 59.9749277160 -41 46 26.332486608 12.536 12.727 12.430 12.72 12.011 B 12 0
111 2MASS J16540011-4147396 Y*? 16 54 00.1177966368 -41 47 39.589417392 13.289 13.279 12.925   12.367 B 9 0
112 NGC 6231 1 Y*? 16 54 03.5029815552 -41 42 52.052270868 11.900 12.222 11.950   11.522 ~ 13 0
113 NGC 6231 194 Y*O 16 54 03.8074799328 -41 45 48.399381972 11.365 11.722 11.459   11.055 B3.5V 14 0
114 CD-41 11027A Y*? 16 54 06.7182176904 -41 51 06.979097448 8.108 8.848 8.720   8.439 O9.7V 34 0
115 CD-41 11032 SB* 16 54 06.9496123464 -41 49 23.360333088 8.93 9.60 9.512 10.81 9.256 B0.5V 40 0
116 CD-41 11031 Y*? 16 54 07.5342145320 -41 44 40.655325588 9.443 10.051 9.887   9.566 B 22 0
117 NGC 6231 314 Be* 16 54 08.779 -41 51 49.47 12.600 12.613 12.216   11.639 Be 8 0
118 CPD-41 7727 SB* 16 54 09.2737061088 -41 48 41.072216580 8.964 9.564 9.424   9.134 B1V 37 0
119 NGC 6231 209 Y*? 16 54 10.7255921880 -41 47 47.372416692 10.307 10.795 10.599 10.62 10.265 B2IV-V 30 0
120 NGC 6231 OpC 16 54 10.8 -41 48 43           ~ 538 0
121 CD-41 11034 Y*? 16 54 11.3119116264 -41 48 53.965557072 8.878 9.546 9.335 9.744 8.943 B1V 42 0
122 2MASS J16541226-4152379 Y*? 16 54 12.2656589688 -41 52 37.834376808 12.742 12.854 12.484   11.914 B8.5V 9 0
123 HD 326329 Y*O 16 54 14.1033282720 -41 50 08.503512720 8.141 9.183 9.013 9.477 8.460 O9.7V 73 0
124 NGC 6231 365 Y*? 16 54 19.5344073660 -41 50 10.340626026   12.23 12.215   11.737 ~ 11 0
125 NGC 6231 86 Y*O 16 54 20.3553490440 -41 54 09.021866364 12.791 12.903 12.524   11.968 Ap 9 0
126 V* V1208 Sco Y*O 16 54 21.3090092232 -41 51 41.766233904 9.293 9.91 9.708 9.96 9.344 B0-2V 47 0
127 NGC 6231 217 Y*? 16 54 21.9945751848 -41 48 47.202861852 12.325 12.547 12.248   11.784 B6Vn 12 0
128 NGC 6231 186 Y*? 16 54 22.8349538304 -41 45 23.377881024 11.409 11.789 11.516   11.074 B2.5V 12 0
129 Cl* NGC 6231 MG 213 * 16 54 23.9291919864 -41 51 29.392592364 12.020 12.246 11.903   11.363 B 6 0
130 2MASS J16542604-4145543 Y*? 16 54 26.0457934152 -41 45 54.287973180 12.238 12.319 11.985   11.492 B8.5V 11 0
131 NGC 6231 219 Y*? 16 54 27.5786175288 -41 48 58.653371268 13.085 13.135 12.766   12.225 Ap 10 0
132 NGC 6231 222 Y*? 16 54 27.9736192464 -41 50 13.972594056 11.856 12.119 11.829   11.373 B4Vn 15 0
133 HD 326332 Y*O 16 54 35.8130819496 -41 50 12.216189984 9.275 9.903 9.669 9.96 9.275 B2IVe+ 51 0
134 WRAY 15-1560 Be* 16 54 37.4423306424 -41 47 07.186810056 11.905 12.100 11.771   11.227 Be 15 0
135 V* V920 Sco bC* 16 54 43.1657949576 -41 49 35.456774916 9.153 9.795 9.601 9.95 9.256 B1V 65 0
136 NGC 6231 127 * 16 54 47.2746239112 -41 52 49.572768180 12.143 12.398 12.033   11.460 B8III-IV 11 0
137 NGC 6664 OpC 18 36 30.0 -08 11 38   8.81 7.8     ~ 122 0

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