2013MNRAS.435.1928P

Query : 2013MNRAS.435.1928P

2013MNRAS.435.1928P - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 435, 1928-1957 (2013/November-1)

Dwarf galaxy planes: the discovery of symmetric structures in the Local Group.

PAWLOWSKI M.S., KROUPA P. and JERJEN H.

Abstract (from CDS):

Both major galaxies in the Local Group (LG) are surrounded by thin planes of mostly co-orbiting satellite galaxies, the vast polar structure (VPOS) around the Milky Way (MW) and the Great Plane of Andromeda (GPoA) around M31. We summarize the current knowledge concerning these structures and compare their relative orientations by re-determining their properties in a common coordinate system. The existence of similar, coherent structures around both major LG galaxies motivates an investigation of the distribution of the more distant non-satellite galaxies in the LG. This results in the discovery of two planes (diameters of 1-2Mpc) which contain almost all nearby non-satellite galaxies. The two LG planes are surprisingly symmetric. They are inclined by only 20° relative to the galactic disc of M31, are similarly thin (heights of ~60kpc) and have near-to-identical offsets from the MW and from M31. They are inclined relative to each other by 35°. Comparing the plane orientations with each other and with additional features reveals indications for an intimate connection between the VPOS and the GPoA. They are both polar with respect to the MW, have similar orbital directions and are inclined by about 45°±7° relative to each other. The Magellanic Stream approximately aligns with the VPOS and the GPoA, but also shares its projected position and line-of-sight velocity trend with a part of the dominating structure of non-satellite dwarf galaxies. In addition, the recent proper motion measurement of M31 indicates a prograde orbit of the MW-M31 system, the VPOS and the GPoA. The alignment with other features such as the Supergalactic Plane and the overdensity in hypervelocity stars are discussed as well. We end with a short summary of the currently proposed scenarios trying to explain the LG galaxy structures as either originating from cosmological structures or from tidal debris of a past galaxy encounter. We emphasize that there currently exists no full detailed model which satisfactorily explains the existence of the thin symmetric LG planes.

Abstract Copyright: © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (2013)

Journal keyword(s): Galaxy: halo - galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: individual: M31 - galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - Local Group - Magellanic Clouds

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/435/1928): table4.dat>

Simbad objects: 86

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Number of rows : 86
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NAME Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte G 00 01 57.9 -15 27 50   11.50 11.10 10.93   ~ 691 2
2 NAME Andromeda XVIII G 00 02 14.5 +45 05 20     16.0     ~ 117 0
3 NAME Andromeda XX G 00 07 30.70 +35 07 56.4     18.2     ~ 73 0
4 And XIX G 00 19 32.10 +35 02 37.1     15.6     ~ 152 0
5 IC 10 G 00 20 25.50 +59 17 17.0   13.6 9.5     ~ 1119 1
6 NAME Andromeda XXVI G 00 23 45.6 +47 54 58     17.3     ~ 71 0
7 NAME Cetus Dwarf Galaxy G 00 26 10.8 -11 03 14     13.2     ~ 234 0
8 NAME Andromeda XXV G 00 30 08.9 +46 51 07     14.8     ~ 113 0
9 NAME Magellanic Stream HVC 00 32 -30.0           ~ 971 1
10 NGC 147 GiG 00 33 12.120 +48 30 31.46   12.0 9.5     ~ 687 1
11 NAME Andromeda III G 00 35 33.8 +36 29 52     14.4     ~ 295 0
12 NAME Cassiopeia III G 00 35 59.4 +51 33 35           ~ 54 0
13 NAME Andromeda XXX G 00 36 34.90 +49 38 48.0           ~ 55 0
14 NAME Andromeda XVII G 00 37 07.0 +44 19 20     15.8     ~ 96 0
15 NAME Andromeda XXVII G 00 37 27.1 +45 23 13     16.7     ~ 75 0
16 NGC 185 Sy2 00 38 57.9400026024 +48 20 15.035874648   9.10 9.2     ~ 800 1
17 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1308 1
18 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2154 2
19 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 12650 1
20 NAME Andromeda I G 00 45 39.8 +38 02 28   13.9 12.7     ~ 342 0
21 NAME Andromeda XI G 00 46 20.0 +33 48 05     17.5     ~ 122 0
22 NAME Andromeda XII G 00 47 27.0 +34 22 29     18.3     ~ 118 0
23 NAME Andromeda XIV G 00 51 35.0 +29 41 49     15.9     ~ 125 0
24 NAME Andromeda XIII G 00 51 51.0 +33 00 16     18.1     ~ 122 0
25 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 11149 1
26 NAME Andromeda IX G 00 52 53.0 +43 11 45     16.3     ~ 168 1
27 NAME Pisces V G 00 59 29.8 +32 22 36     14.4     ~ 135 0
28 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1359 4
29 NAME Pisces I G 01 03 56.6 +21 53 41   16.18 14.3     ~ 387 0
30 IC 1613 GiC 01 04 48.4071 +02 07 10.185   10.42 10.01 9.77   ~ 1236 2
31 NAME Andromeda X G 01 06 33.70 +44 48 15.8     16.6     ~ 118 1
32 NAME Andromeda V G 01 10 17.1 +47 37 41     15.3     ~ 207 0
33 NAME Andromeda XV G 01 14 18.7 +38 07 03     14.6     ~ 112 0
34 NAME Andromeda II G 01 16 29.8 +33 25 09     11.7     ~ 378 0
35 NAME Andromeda XXIV G 01 18 30.0 +46 21 58     16.3     ~ 62 0
36 NAME Andromeda XXII G 01 27 40.0 +28 05 25     18.0     ~ 85 0
37 NAME Andromeda XXIII G 01 29 21.8 +38 43 08     14.2     ~ 83 0
38 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 5838 1
39 NAME Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy Sy1 01 51 06.3 -44 26 41   13.48 13.2 12.69   ~ 533 2
40 NAME Segue 2 G 02 19 16.0 +20 10 31     15.2     ~ 262 0
41 NAME Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1743 1
42 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7066 0
43 Cl Pal 1 GlC 03 33 20.04 +79 34 51.8   17.2       ~ 243 1
44 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 17434 0
45 NAME Carina dSph G 06 41 36.7 -50 57 58   22.14 11.0 19.47   ~ 1125 0
46 NAME CMa Dwarf Galaxy G 07 12.6 -27 40     -0.1     ~ 199 1
47 NAME UMa II Galaxy G 08 51 30.0 +63 07 48     13.3     ~ 374 0
48 UGC 4879 AG? 09 16 02.0195908968 +52 50 42.051257412   14.0 13.2     ~ 127 0
49 NAME Leo T G 09 34 53.4 +17 03 05     15.1     ~ 391 0
50 NAME Leo A G 09 59 26.46 +30 44 47.0 14.08 13.54 13.26 13.33   ~ 615 0
51 NGC 3109 AG? 10 03 06.877 -26 09 34.46 11.10 10.42 10.04 9.91   ~ 769 2
52 NAME Segue 1 G 10 07 03.2 +16 04 25     15.3     ~ 465 1
53 Z 64-73 G 10 08 28.12 +12 18 23.4   11.3 10.0     ~ 1208 1
54 NAME Sextans dSph G 10 13 02.9 -01 36 53   12 10.4     ~ 854 0
55 NAME UMa I Galaxy G 10 34 52.80 +51 55 12.0     14.4     ~ 328 1
56 NAME Willman 1 G 10 49 21.0 +51 03 00     15.2     ~ 320 0
57 NAME UMa Region reg 11 00 +50.0           ~ 327 0
58 Z 126-111 G 11 13 28.13 +22 09 10.1   12.9 12.0     ~ 840 0
59 NAME Leo V G 11 31 09.60 +02 13 12.0     16.0     ~ 203 0
60 NAME Leo IV Dwarf Galaxy G 11 32 57.0 -00 32 00     15.1     ~ 383 1
61 NAME Coma Dwarf Galaxy G 12 26 59.0 +23 54 15     14.1     ~ 452 1
62 NAME CVn II dSph G 12 57 09.6 +34 19 12     16.1     ~ 263 2
63 NAME CVn I dSph G 13 28 03.5 +33 33 21     13.1     ~ 326 1
64 NAME Bootes III G 13 57 07.4 +26 46 30     12.6     ~ 96 1
65 NAME Bootes II G 13 58 00.0 +12 51 00     15.4     ~ 241 0
66 NAME Bootes Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy G 14 00 00.0 +14 30 00     12.8     ~ 437 0
67 NAME UMi Galaxy G 15 09 08.0 +67 13 21   13.60 10.6     ~ 1360 0
68 GCl 38 GlC 16 10 59.00 +14 57 42.0           ~ 368 0
69 NAME Hercules Dwarf Galaxy G 16 31 02.0 +12 47 30     14.0     ~ 345 1
70 NAME Dra dSph G 17 20 14.335 +57 55 16.39   12.40 10.6     ~ 1331 1
71 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 14415 0
72 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2187 2
73 NAME Sgr dIG G 19 29 59.0 -17 40 41   15.5 13.6     ~ 307 1
74 NGC 6822 G 19 44 56.199 -14 47 51.29   18 8.1     ~ 1562 0
75 NAME Aquarius Dwarf G 20 46 51.7 -12 50 54 15.75 15.18 14.83 14.46   ~ 445 1
76 NAME Andromeda XXVIII G 22 32 41.20 +31 12 58.2     15.6     ~ 79 0
77 NAME Tuc Galaxy G 22 41 49.6 -64 25 10   15.7 15.2     ~ 300 0
78 NAME Lacerta I G 22 58 16.3 +41 17 28           ~ 47 0
79 NAME Pisces II G 22 58 31.0 +05 57 09     16.3     ~ 258 0
80 NAME Andromeda VII GiG 23 26 31.7 +50 40 33   13.6 11.8     ~ 210 1
81 NAME PegDIG G 23 28 35.2 +14 44 35 13.85 13.16 12.52     ~ 474 1
82 NAME Peg dSph GiG 23 51 46.4 +24 35 11   14.5 13.2     ~ 236 2
83 NAME Andromeda XXI G 23 54 47.7 +42 28 15     14.8     ~ 108 0
84 NAME Andromeda XXIX G 23 58 55.6 +30 45 20     16.0     ~ 58 0
85 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 8391 0
86 NAME For-Leo-Scl Stream GrG ~ ~           ~ 12 1

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