2014ApJ...786..132K -
Astrophys. J., 786, 132 (2014/May-2)
Lyα transit spectroscopy and the neutral hydrogen tail of the hot Neptune GJ 436b.
KULOW J.R., FRANCE K., LINSKY J. and LOYD R.O.P.
Abstract (from CDS):
To date, more than 750 planets have been discovered orbiting stars other than the Sun. Two sub-classes of these exoplanets, "hot Jupiters" and their less massive counterparts "hot Neptunes," provide a unique opportunity to study the extended atmospheres of planets outside of our solar system. We describe here the first far-ultraviolet transit study of a hot Neptune, specifically GJ 436b, for which we use Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Lyα spectra to measure stellar flux as a function of time, observing variations due to absorption from the planetary atmosphere during transit. This analysis permits us to derive information about atmospheric extent, mass-loss rate from the planet, and interactions between the star and planet. We observe an evolution of the Lyα lightcurve with a transit depth of GJ 436b from 8.8%±4.5% near mid-transit, to 22.9%±3.9% ∼2 hr after the nominal geometric egress of the planet. Using data from the time-tag mode and considering astrophysical noise from stellar variability, we calculate a post-egress occultation of 23.7%±4.5%, demonstrating that the signature is statistically significant and of greater amplitude than can be attributed to stellar fluctuations alone. The extended egress absorption indicates the probable existence of a comet-like tail trailing the exoplanet. We calculate a mass-loss rate for GJ 436b in the range of 3.7x106-1.1x109 g/s, corresponding to an atmospheric lifetime of 4x1011-2x1014 yr.
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Journal keyword(s):
planets and satellites: atmospheres - planets and satellites: individual: GJ 436b
Simbad objects:
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