2014MNRAS.437..562C

Interfering two- and three-arm spiral patterns have previously been inferred to exist in many galaxies and also in numerical simulations, and invoked to explain important dynamical properties, such as lack of symmetry, kinks in spiral arms and star formation in armlets. The non-axisymmetric galactic mean-field dynamo model of Chamandy et al. is generalized to allow for such multiple co-existing spiral patterns in the kinetic αk effect, leading to the existence of magnetic spiral arms in the large-scale magnetic field with several new properties. The large-scale magnetic field produced by an evolving superposition of two- and three-arm (or two- and four-arm) patterns evolves with time along with the superposition. Magnetic arms can be stronger and more extended in radius and in azimuth when produced by two interfering patterns rather than by one pattern acting alone. Transient morphological features arise in the magnetic arms, including bifurcations, disconnected armlets, and temporal and spatial variation in arm strength and pitch angles. Pitch angles of the large-scale magnetic field and magnetic arm structures (ridges) are smaller than those typically inferred from observations of spiral galaxies for model parameters of Chamandy et al., but can become comparable to typically inferred values for certain (still realistic) parameters. The magnetic field is sometimes strongest in between the αk-arms, unlike in standard models with a single pattern, where it is strongest within the αk-arms. Moreover, for models with a two- and three-arm pattern, some amount of m = 1 azimuthal symmetry is found to be present in the magnetic field, which is generally not the case for forcing by single two- or three-arm patterns. Many of these results are reminiscent of observed features in the regular magnetic fields of nearby spiral galaxies, like NGC 6946, which has previously been inferred to have significant two- and three-arm spiral patterns, and IC 342, which has been reported to contain an inner two-arm and outer four-arm pattern.