2018AJ....156...96W

Although the formation and the properties of hot Jupiters (with orbital periods P < 10 days) have attracted a great deal of attention, the origins of warm Jupiters (10 < P < 100 days) are less well studied. Using a transit timing analysis, we present the orbital parameters of five planetary systems containing warm Jupiters, Kepler 30, Kepler 117, Kepler 302, Kepler 487, and Kepler 418. Three of them, Kepler-30 c(M_p = 549.4 ± 5.6 M_⊕), Kepler-117 c(M_p = 702 ± 63 M_⊕), and Kepler 302 c(M_p = 933 ± 527 M_⊕), are confirmed to be real warm Jupiters based on their mass. Insights drawn from the radius-temperature relationship lead to the inference that hot Jupiters and warm Jupiters can be roughly separated by T_eff,c = 1123.7 ± 3.3 K. Also, T_eff,c provides a good separation for Jupiters with companion fraction consistent with zero (T_eff > T_eff,c) and those with companion fraction significantly different from zero (T_eff < T_eff,c).