SIMBAD references

The broad-band optical/UV and X-ray spectra of blazars have been often modelled as synchrotron component arising from a broken power-law distribution of electrons. A broken power-law distribution is expected, since the high-energy electrons undergo radiative losses effectively. The change in the energy index should then be ≃1 and corresponds to a spectral index difference of 0.5. However, one of the long outstanding problems has been that the observed index change is significantly different. On the other hand, recent high-quality observations of blazars suggest that their local spectra may not be a power law, instead have a slight curvature and often represented by a log-parabola model. Using XMM-Newtonobservations spanning over 12 yr for the BL Lac PKS 2155-304, we show that the optical/UV and X-ray spectra can be well represented by a broken log-parabola model. Further, we show that such a spectrum can indicate the energy dependence of the electron escape time-scale from the main acceleration zone. This novel approach, besides addressing the observed difference in the photon spectral indices, also tries to explain the spectral turn over in far-UV/soft X-rays as a result of the radiative losses.