2021ApJS..253....7K

Query : 2021ApJS..253....7K

2021ApJS..253....7K - Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 253, 7-7 (2021/March-0)

The field substellar mass function based on the full-sky 20 pc census of 525 L, T, and Y dwarfs.

KIRKPATRICK J.D., GELINO C.R., FAHERTY J.K., MEISNER A.M., CASELDEN D., SCHNEIDER A.C., MAROCCO F., CAYAGO A.J., SMART R.L., EISENHARDT P.R., KUCHNER M.J., WRIGHT E.L., CUSHING M.C., ALLERS K.N., BARDALEZ GAGLIUFFI D.C., BURGASSER A.J., GAGNE J., LOGSDON S.E., MARTIN E.C., INGALLS J.G., LOWRANCE P.J., ABRAHAMS E.S., AGANZE C., GERASIMOV R., GONZALES E.C., HSU C.-C., KAMRAJ N., KIMAN R., REES J., THEISSEN C., AMMAR K., ANDERSEN N.S., BEAULIEU P., COLIN G., ELACHI C.A., GOODMAN S.J., GRAMAIZE L., HAMLET L.K., HONG J., JONKEREN A., KHALIL M., MARTIN D.W., PENDRILL W., PUMPHREY B., ROTHERMICH A., SAINIO A., STENNER A., TANNER C., THEVENOT M., VOLOSHIN N.V., WALLA J., WEDRACKI Z. (The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration)

Abstract (from CDS):

We present final Spitzer trigonometric parallaxes for 361 L, T, and Y dwarfs. We combine these with prior studies to build a list of 525 known L, T, and Y dwarfs within 20 pc of the Sun, 38 of which are presented here for the first time. Using published photometry and spectroscopy as well as our own follow-up, we present an array of color-magnitude and color-color diagrams to further characterize census members, and we provide polynomial fits to the bulk trends. Using these characterizations, we assign each object a Teff value and judge sample completeness over bins of Teff and spectral type. Except for types >=T8 and Teff < 600 K, our census is statistically complete to the 20 pc limit. We compare our measured space densities to simulated density distributions and find that the best fit is a power law (dN/dM∝M^-α^) with α = 0.6 ± 0.1. We find that the evolutionary models of Saumon & Marley correctly predict the observed magnitude of the space density spike seen at 1200 K < Teff < 1350 K, believed to be caused by an increase in the cooling timescale across the L/T transition. Defining the low-mass terminus using this sample requires a more statistically robust and complete sample of dwarfs >=Y0.5 and with Teff < 400 K. We conclude that such frigid objects must exist in substantial numbers, despite the fact that few have so far been identified, and we discuss possible reasons why they have largely eluded detection.

Abstract Copyright: © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): Stellar mass functions - Trigonometric parallax - Brown dwarfs - Solar neighborhood - Absolute magnitude - Stellar effective temperatures - L dwarfs - T dwarfs - Y dwarfs - Stellar classification - Binary stars - Two-color diagrams

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJS/253/7): table1.dat table2.dat table4.dat table5.dat table6.dat table7.dat table8.dat table9.dat table10.dat table11.dat table12.dat table14.dat table16.dat tablea1.dat refs.dat>

Status at CDS : Tables of objects will be appraised for possible ingestion in SIMBAD.

Simbad objects: 161

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Number of rows : 161
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 V* Z Peg Mi* 00 00 06.5622821352 +25 53 11.249163204   10.13 7.30 8.01   M7-8e 108 0
2 NAME L 362-29 BC BD* 00 04 34.8671722377 -40 44 06.463544237       19.61 16.88 L5+L5 111 0
3 HD 1326 Er* 00 18 22.8849799680 +44 01 22.637951588   10.120   7.3   M2V 542 0
4 V* DY Psc BY* 00 24 24.6317407560 -01 58 19.954412004     19.42 17.301 15.022 M9.5V 210 1
5 WISE J002727.23-012101.5 BD* 00 27 27.23088 -01 21 01.5768           T9 1 0
6 CWISE J004143.77-401929.9 BD* 00 41 43.78392 -40 19 29.9244           T8pec 1 0
7 WISE J004311.08-382225.0 BD? 00 43 11.08632 -38 22 25.0824           ~ 1 0
8 WISE J011558.90-461618.8 BD* 01 15 58.90152 -46 16 18.8184           T6 1 0
9 WISE J011931.46-493747.5 BD* 01 19 31.46856 -49 37 47.5608           T7 1 0
10 WISE J011952.75-450230.8 BD* 01 19 52.75608 -45 02 30.8040           T8 1 0
11 WISE J014308.58-703400.2 BD? 01 43 08.58288 -70 34 00.2064           ~ 1 0
12 WISE J014837.57-104803.0 BD? 01 48 37.57080 -10 48 03.0024           ~ 2 0
13 WISE J015042.33-462154.7 BD? 01 50 42.33216 -46 21 54.7380           ~ 1 0
14 WISE J015349.86+613746.6 BD? 01 53 49.86840 +61 37 46.6680           ~ 1 0
15 DENIS J020529.0-115925 BD* 02 05 29.3651195393 -11 59 29.721210536           L7V 150 0
16 WISE J021705.44+075850.9 BD? 02 17 05.44776 +07 58 50.9376           ~ 1 0
17 WISE J031021.59-573357.5 BD* 03 10 21.59424 -57 33 57.5640           T5 1 0
18 LP 944-20 LM* 03 39 35.2523500210 -35 25 43.641996333     18.69 16.39 13.288 M9.5Ve 289 0
19 CWISE J034146.12+471530.5 BD? 03 41 46.12822 +47 15 30.4513           ~ 1 0
20 WISEA J041102.17+471423.6 BD? 04 11 02.17596 +47 14 23.6292           ~ 1 0
21 2MASS J04124640-0734097 BD* 04 12 46.4276135681 -07 34 10.158631974           L2pec 3 0
22 WISE J042335.39-401929.7 BD? 04 23 35.40000 -40 19 29.7408           ~ 1 0
23 WISE J042455.63+000221.7 BD* 04 24 55.552258 +00 02 22.54615           T9: 2 0
24 Cl Melotte 25 OpC 04 29 47.3 +16 56 53           ~ 3074 0
25 WISE J043309.27+100903.9 BD* 04 33 09.153706 +10 09 08.23508           T8 3 0
26 WISE J044214.18-385515.8 BD? 04 42 14.18904 -38 55 15.8340           ~ 1 0
27 2MASS J05085506+3319272 BD* 05 08 55.0581472745 +33 19 27.090775623           L2 8 0
28 WISE J051427.32+200447.9 BD* 05 14 27.32400 +20 04 47.9460           T0.5 1 0
29 V* AB Dor TT* 05 28 44.8712165880 -65 26 55.199147208 8.259 7.856 6.999 6.496 5.993 K0V 1020 0
30 2MASS J05402601-1802399 BD* 05 40 26.01336 -18 02 39.9408           T5 3 0
31 2MASS J05500772+1610556 PM* 05 50 07.7591565526 +16 10 55.005652095           ~ 10 0
32 WISE J060149.49+141956.2 BD* 06 01 49.49280 +14 19 56.2836           T2.5 1 0
33 WISE J060251.41-403533.6 BD* 06 02 51.41448 -40 35 33.6984           T5.5 1 0
34 NAME Columba Association As* 06 04 19.4 -22 20 40           ~ 280 0
35 HD 42581 Er* 06 10 34.6149358167 -21 51 52.656352926 10.801 9.607 8.125 7.164 6.121 M1V 477 0
36 HD 42581c Pl 06 10 34.6149358167 -21 51 52.656352926           ~ 13 0
37 HD 42581B BD* 06 10 34.80 -21 52 00.0           T6.5 504 0
38 WISE J061348.71+480819.7 BD* 06 13 48.71952 +48 08 19.7196           T5 1 0
39 DENIS J061549.3-010041 BD* 06 15 49.3553104008 -01 00 41.677275096         17.00 L2.5 20 0
40 2MASS J06174191+1945135 BD* 06 17 41.91816 +19 45 13.5684           L2+L4 4 0
41 WISE J062050.81-300619.9 BD* 06 20 50.81472 -30 06 19.9548           T2.5 1 0
42 2MASS J06231714+2631320 BD* 06 23 17.1435684395 +26 31 31.789339093           L3pec 3 0
43 CWISE J062725.28-373033.1 BD* 06 27 25.28503 -37 30 33.1225           T6.5 1 0
44 HD 45105 * 06 27 50.9705383176 +47 24 17.725600908 6.410 6.510 6.550     A0V 49 0
45 WISE J063018.26-371735.5 BD? 06 30 18.26664 -37 17 35.5884           ~ 1 0
46 CWISE J063031.50-600221.0 BD* 06 30 31.50307 -60 02 20.9900           T7 1 0
47 CWISE J063558.52-322549.4 BD? 06 35 58.52472 -32 25 49.4436           ~ 1 0
48 2MASS J06364968-5424325 BD? 06 36 49.68936 -54 24 32.5512           ~ 1 0
49 NAME AB Dor Moving Group MGr 06 38 53.4 -42 50 04           ~ 471 0
50 2MASS J06402517-2352194 BD* 06 40 25.1916709531 -23 52 19.506183255           L5 3 0
51 WISE J064128.22-312359.3 BD? 06 41 28.22688 -31 23 59.3304           ~ 1 0
52 WISE J064223.50+042342.5 BD* 06 42 23.50536 +04 23 42.5688           T8 2 0
53 2MASS J06462756+7935045 BD* 06 46 27.56040 +79 35 04.5132           L9 11 0
54 WISE J064749.81-160022.5 BD* 06 47 49.81440 -16 00 22.5792           T6 1 0
55 DENIS J065219.7-253450 BD* 06 52 19.7632005480 -25 34 50.462609016       19.3 15.96 L0.0 24 0
56 EGGR 485 WD* 07 00 51.6637780968 +31 57 43.832015694   17.53   15.7   DC10 47 0
57 2MASS J07340889-4330256 BD* 07 34 08.8987056513 -43 30 25.621844523           L7 3 0
58 WISE J074956.46-682724.5 BD* 07 49 56.46528 -68 27 24.5160           T8 1 0
59 WISE J075648.07-600127.4 BD? 07 56 48.07200 -60 01 27.4224           ~ 1 0
60 2MASS J07580132-2538587 BD* 07 58 01.32768 -25 38 58.7544           T4.5V 6 0
61 WISE J075831.22+571155.7 BD? 07 58 31.22016 +57 11 55.7556           ~ 1 0
62 WISE J080436.68-000025.9 BD* 08 04 36.68328 -00 00 25.9020           T4 1 0
63 2MASS J08053189+4812330 BD* 08 05 31.8496436040 +48 12 33.131831320           L4+T5 42 0
64 CWISE J080556.14+515330.4 BD? 08 05 56.14284 +51 53 30.4109           ~ 1 0
65 L 97-3 B BD* 08 07 14.675 -66 18 48.68           Y1 71 0
66 WISE J081606.76+482822.8 BD? 08 16 06.76896 +48 28 22.8756           ~ 1 0
67 DENIS J082303.1-491201 BD* 08 23 03.1469916048 -49 12 01.255481424       20.020 17.14 L1.5 21 0
68 CWISE J084506.51-330532.7 BD* 08 45 06.51110 -33 05 32.6756           T7 1 0
69 CWISE J085401.22-502028.1 BD? 08 54 01.22311 -50 20 28.0846           ~ 1 0
70 2MASS J09025921+6708355 BD* 09 02 59.21328 +67 08 35.5056           L7 4 0
71 WISE J091105.05+214648.9 BD* 09 11 05.05944 +21 46 48.9648           T9 1 0
72 WISE J091735.47-634451.5 BD* 09 17 35.47008 -63 44 51.5148           L7 1 0
73 SIPS J0921-2104 BD* 09 21 14.1068893303 -21 04 44.417691256         16.50 L1 48 0
74 2MASS J09230861+2340152 BD* 09 23 08.6056907077 +23 40 15.624645346           L2.3V 16 0
75 CWISE J092503.20-472013.8 BD? 09 25 03.20297 -47 20 13.7868           ~ 1 0
76 WISEA J093824.14-841114.7 BD? 09 38 24.14155 -84 11 14.7433           ~ 1 0
77 WISE J094925.91-102559.9 BD? 09 49 25.91832 -10 25 59.9772           ~ 1 0
78 WISE J095047.32+011733.3 BD* 09 50 47.11535 +01 17 36.4519           T8p 16 1
79 G 48-43 PM* 09 50 49.5920658472 +01 18 13.628490426   15.2 13.88 12.4   M4 21 0
80 WISE J095316.40-094317.5 BD* 09 53 16.40784 -09 43 17.5980           T5.5 1 0
81 2MASS J09560810-1447065 BD* 09 56 08.10768 -14 47 06.5544           L9 10 0
82 CWISE J105512.11+544328.3 BD* 10 55 12.12 +54 43 28.3           sdT8 4 0
83 NAME TW Hya Association As* 11 01.9 -34 42           ~ 942 0
84 WISE J110201.78+350335.6 BD? 11 02 01.78416 +35 03 35.6256           ~ 2 0
85 HD 95735 Er* 11 03 20.1948195942 +35 58 11.576182057 10.030 8.960 7.520 5.99 4.79 M2+V 714 0
86 CWISE J112106.36-623221.5 BD? 11 21 06.34910 -62 32 21.4382           ~ 1 0
87 WISE J113019.39-115813.8 BD* 11 30 19.39128 -11 58 13.8504           sdT5? 1 0
88 WISE J113717.13-532007.0 BD* 11 37 17.13840 -53 20 07.0044           T7 1 0
89 WISE J113833.99+721206.9 BD? 11 38 33.99096 +72 12 06.9696           ~ 1 0
90 WISE J114120.83-211023.4 BD* 11 41 20.83056 -21 10 23.4084           T9: 1 0
91 WISE J115229.63-374159.8 BD* 11 52 29.63808 -37 41 59.8020           T7 1 0
92 2MASS J11592585-3634495 LM* 11 59 25.8755778476 -36 34 49.699422161           M9.5 3 0
93 WISE J120502.80-180215.4 BD* 12 05 02.80440 -18 02 15.4104           T8 1 0
94 WISE J121558.01+270153.8 BD? 12 15 58.01928 +27 01 53.8428           ~ 1 0
95 WISE J123228.94+225715.3 BD? 12 32 28.94184 +22 57 15.3720           ~ 1 0
96 DENIS J125310.8-570924 BD* 12 53 10.9613396965 -57 09 24.853652851         16.74 L0.5 12 1
97 BD+13 2618C BD* 13 00 42.08415 +12 21 15.0536         23.28 T8.5p 128 0
98 2MASS J13054106+2046394 BD* 13 05 41.0625633744 +20 46 39.446834736           L5 16 0
99 CWISE J130841.31-032157.7 BD? 13 08 41.31312 -03 21 57.7922           ~ 1 0
100 WISE J131548.16-493644.8 BD* 13 15 48.16896 -49 36 44.8164           T3 1 0
101 2MASS J13313937-6513056 LM* 13 31 39.3701281344 -65 13 05.592240732           M9 3 0
102 2MASS J13314894-0116500 BD* 13 31 48.9202570553 -01 16 51.118063680           L6V 41 0
103 WISE J133300.05-160754.2 BD* 13 33 00.05160 -16 07 54.2892           T7.5 3 0
104 WISE J141127.88-481151.5 BD? 14 11 27.88920 -48 11 51.5760           ~ 2 0
105 ULAS J142320.79+011638.2 BD* 14 23 20.79 +01 16 38.2           T8 27 0
106 GD 165B BD* 14 24 39.09480 +09 17 10.4352         20.53 L4V 205 0
107 NAME beta Pic Moving Group MGr 14 30 -42.0           ~ 774 0
108 LSPM J1438+6408 BD* 14 38 08.2687791785 +64 08 36.312075315       18.8   L0.2V 27 0
109 G 239-25B BD* 14 42 22.0490228863 +66 03 19.665093832     16.0     L0 10 0
110 2MASS J14460061+0024519 BD* 14 46 00.61560 +00 24 51.9660           L5V 35 0
111 HD 130948 BY* 14 50 15.8109853464 +23 54 42.634220112   6.456 5.867     F9IV-V 284 0
112 NAME HD 130948BC BD* 14 50 16.00 +23 54 41.8           L4+L4 68 0
113 GJ 570 D BD* 14 57 14.96256 -21 21 47.7504           T8 225 1
114 ULAS J150457.65+053800.8 BD* 15 04 57.65616 +05 38 00.8268         23.85 sdT5.5 22 0
115 CWISE J153143.38-330657.3 BD? 15 31 43.38276 -33 06 57.4484           ~ 1 0
116 WISE J153347.47+175307.9 BD? 15 33 47.47560 +17 53 07.9260           ~ 1 0
117 CWISE J163041.79-064338.3 BD* 16 30 41.79346 -06 43 38.4186           T5 1 0
118 2MASS J16482431-2913100 BD* 16 48 24.3173992709 -29 13 10.022854624           L5pec 3 0
119 2MASS J16501318+5652564 BD* 16 50 13.18440 +56 52 56.4492           T0 1 0
120 WISE J170127.19+415803.3 BD? 17 01 27.19200 +41 58 03.3600           ~ 1 0
121 2MASS J17054834-0516462 BD* 17 05 48.3505962528 -05 16 46.349087556         16.55 L1 48 0
122 2MASS J17261728-4844223 BD* 17 26 17.28312 -48 44 22.3044           T2.5 1 0
123 WISEA J174907.12+554049.0 BD? 17 49 07.12363 +55 40 49.0526           ~ 1 0
124 WISE J175517.21+250147.9 BD? 17 55 17.21928 +25 01 47.9028           ~ 1 0
125 WISEA J175629.07+505326.9 BD? 17 56 29.07091 +50 53 26.9416           ~ 1 0
126 CWISE J175800.46+555322.7 BD? 17 58 00.46274 +55 53 22.6849           ~ 1 0
127 2MASS J18070621-0625471 LM* 18 07 06.2200463289 -06 25 47.218003961           M9pec 3 0
128 WISE J182755.19+564508.9 BD? 18 27 55.19256 +56 45 08.9748           ~ 1 0
129 WISE J183207.99-540942.0 BD* 18 32 07.99032 -54 09 42.0444           T7 3 0
130 2MASS J18361069+0315224 BD* 18 36 10.7063614592 +03 15 22.544194831           L6 3 0
131 CWISE J185104.34-245232.1 BD? 18 51 04.353288 -24 52 32.18950           ~ 1 0
132 HD 182488B BD* 19 23 34.0126 +33 13 19.078           T9 69 0
133 HD 182488 PM* 19 23 34.0131683760 +33 13 19.078425912       5.8   K0V 278 1
134 CWISE J192537.88+290159.0 BD? 19 25 37.88626 +29 01 58.9976           ~ 1 0
135 WISE J192636.25-342954.6 BD? 19 26 36.25944 -34 29 54.6576           ~ 1 0
136 WISE J193823.23+663601.8 BD? 19 38 23.23560 +66 36 01.8972           ~ 1 0
137 CWISE J193824.10+350025.0 BD? 19 38 24.10123 +35 00 24.9289           ~ 1 0
138 CWISE J194201.42+534830.5 BD? 19 42 01.42788 +53 48 30.5633           ~ 1 0
139 WISE J195228.10-730047.3 BD? 19 52 28.10376 -73 00 47.3076           ~ 1 0
140 WISE J200121.16-413605.6 BD* 20 01 21.16488 -41 36 05.6196           T5 1 0
141 * 15 Sge B BD* 20 04 06.2 +17 04 13           L4-5 55 0
142 Wolf 1130 Er* 20 05 02.1950576493 +54 26 03.234326252   11.970 13.883     sdM1 139 0
143 2MASS J20122138+7017415 BD* 20 12 21.38184 +70 17 41.5536           T4.5 1 0
144 CWISE J201342.27-032643.7 BD? 20 13 42.27528 -03 26 43.8155           ~ 1 0
145 CWISE J203859.15-570110.3 BD? 20 38 59.15590 -57 01 10.4592           ~ 1 0
146 WISE J205701.57-170407.2 BD? 20 57 01.57464 -17 04 07.2156           ~ 1 0
147 CWISE J205834.94-513504.1 BD* 20 58 34.95190 -51 35 04.2198           T0 1 0
148 * 61 Cyg ** 21 06 53.95 +38 44 57.9           ~ 176 0
149 2MASS J21140802-2251358 BD* 21 14 08.02560 -22 51 35.8380           L7.5 111 0
150 2MASS J21265788+2531080 LM* 21 26 57.8605989781 +25 31 06.620625601           M9V 7 0
151 CWISE J213838.77-313808.7 BD* 21 38 38.122747 -31 38 03.81252           T8 2 0
152 V* HN Peg B BD* 21 44 28.47168 +14 46 07.7988           T2.5 126 0
153 Wolf 940 B BD* 21 46 38.829 -00 10 38.59           T8+/Y? 57 0
154 HD 207646 SB* 21 52 13.1228943096 -55 04 52.548111336   10.768 10.17     G6III/IV 8 0
155 * eps Ind PM* 22 03 21.6536261624 -56 47 09.522795714   5.75 4.69     K5V 550 0
156 * eps Ind B BD* 22 04 10.5951812451 -56 46 58.239102418     24.12 20.8 15.60 T1V+T6V 162 1
157 TRAPPIST-1 LM* 23 06 29.3684948589 -05 02 29.037301866     18.798 16.466 14.024 M7.5e 994 0
158 2MASS J23442684-4755057 BD* 23 44 26.84256 -47 55 05.7576           T5.5 1 0
159 WISE J235447.80-814044.9 BD? 23 54 47.80944 -81 40 44.9472           ~ 2 0
160 NAME Carina-near Moving Group MGr ~ ~           ~ 90 0
161 NAME Argus Association As* ~ ~           ~ 228 0

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