CDS

2002A&A...381L..25M

Query : 2002A&A...381L..25M

2002A&A...381L..25M - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 381, L25-28 (2002/1-1)

The origin of primary nitrogen in galaxies.

MEYNET G. and MAEDER A.

Abstract (from CDS):

We investigate the role of stellar axial rotation on the nitrogen nucleosynthesis at low metallicities Z. For this purpose, we have calculated models with initial masses between 2 and 60M☉ at Z=0.00001 from the zero age sequence to the phase of thermal pulses for models below or equal to 7M☉, and up to the end of central C-burning for the more massive stars. The models include all the main physical effects of rotation. We show that intermediate mass stars with rotation naturally reproduce the occurrence and amount of primary nitrogen in the early star generations in the Universe. We identify two reasons why rotating models at low Z produce primary 14N: 1) Since the stars lose less angular momentum, they rotate faster. Simultaneously, they are more compact, thus differential rotation and shear mixing are stronger. 2) The H-burning shell has a much higher temperature and is thus closer to the core, which favours mixing between the two.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): physical data and processes: nucleosynthesis - stars: evolution - stars: rotation

Simbad objects: 1

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Number of rows : 1
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2023 		#notes
1 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 10600 1

Query : 2002A&A...381L..25M

Basic data :
NAME SMC -- Galaxy
Origin of the objects types :

(Ref) Object type as listed in the reference "Ref"
(acronym) Object type linked to the acronym according to the original reference
() Anterior to 2007, before we can link the objet type to a reference, or given by the CDS team in some particular cases

Other object types: 		G (2008ApJ,ESO,...), gam (1FGL,2FGL,...), X (PBC,XSS)
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
ICRS coord. (ep=J2000) : 		00 52 38.0 -72 48 01 (Optical) [ ] D 2003A&A...412...45P
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
FK4 coord. (ep=B1950 eq=1950) : 		00 50 53.0 -73 04 18 [ ]
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
Gal coord. (ep=J2000) : 		302.8084 -44.3277 [ ]
Syntax of proper motions is : "pm-ra pm-dec [error ellipse] quality bibcode"
  • pm-ra : mu-ra*cos(dec) (expressed in the ICRS system in mas/yr)
  • pm-dec : mu-dec (expressed in the ICRS system in mas/yr)
  • [error ellipse] : error major axis and minor axis (in mas), orientation angle (in deg)
  • quality : flag of quality (A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the proper motion reference
Proper motions mas/yr : 		0.772 -1.117 [0.063 0.061 ] C 2013ApJ...764..161K
Syntax of radial velocity (or/and redshift) is : "value [error] (wavelength) quality bibcode"
  • value : radial velocity or/and redshift (Heliocentric frame) according to your Output Options
    (redshift may be not displayed if the data value is <0 and the database inside value is a radial velocity)
  • [error] : error of the corresponding value displayed before
  • (wavelength) : wavelength range of the measurement : Rad, mm, IR, Opt, UV, Xray, Gam or  '∼'(unknown)
  • quality : flag of quality ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the value's origin
Radial velocity / Redshift / cz : 		V(km/s) 145.6 [0.6] / z(spectroscopic) 0.000486 [0.000002] / cz 145.64 [0.60]
   C 2012AJ....144....4M
Syntax of morphological type is : mtype quality bibcode
  • mtype : Hubble morphological class (spirals, ellipticals, etc)
  • quality : flag of quality (A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the morphological type reference
Morphological type: 		dIrr D 2012AJ....144....4M
Syntax of angular size is : "maj-axis min-axis angle (wtype) quality bibcode"
  • maj-axis : major axis size (arc minutes)
  • min-axis : minor axis size (arc minutes)
  • angle : orientation angle (in degrees)
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the angular size (Rad, mm, IR, Opt, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • quality : flag of quality of the angular size values ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the angular size reference
Angular size (arcmin): 		158.113 93.105 45 (Opt) D 2014MNRAS.445..881C
Syntax of fluxes (or magnitudes) is : "filter-name (System) flux-value [error] quality MultVarFlags bibcode"
  • filter-name : U, B, V, R, I, G, J, H, K, u, g, r, i, z
  • (System) : may be AB (default is Vega)
  • flux-value : value of flux or magnitude
  • [error] : error value
  • quality : flag of quality of the flux value ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • MultVarFlags : Mult is zero or one char (J) for joined photometry ; Var can be zero or two chars (V[0-4])
  • bibcode : bibcode of the flux reference
Fluxes (2) :
B 2.79 [~] E ~
V 2.2 [0.2] D 2012AJ....144....4M
SIMBAD within arcmin
', {sourceSize:12, color:'#30a090'})); aladin.on('objectClicked', function(object) { var objName=object.data.MAIN_ID; aladin.showPopup(object.ra,object.dec,'',''+ objName+''); });" title="Show Simbad objects"> Overlay Simbad points in this preview
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within arcsec The VizieR photometry tool allows for easy visualization of photometry points extracted around the Simbad position from photometry-enabled catalogues in VizieR.
The search radius has to be specified by the user. It is currently limited to a maximum of 30 arcsec. It depends mostly on the precision or quality of the coordinates (SIMBAD and VizieR catalogs), the resolution of the images from which the sources were extracted, source extent, and source crowding.
Suggestions are: crowded field: 0.5 to 1.5 arcsec, 3 arcsec otherwise; uncertain coordinates (SIMBAD quality E or coordinates without reference): 5 to 30 arsec (risky!). sed-help-icon
Some important notes on this object about identifications and objects associations.
notes:

Hierarchy : number of linked objects
whatever the membership probability is (see description here ) :

: 3
The count displayed here is the number of children objects.
The list obtained by clicking the button may be larger, as some children may be linked with different references or probability.

%This number is the number of distinct objets linked, by using this button, you will obtain all links (may be more than one) from that object to his children

: 16114 		: 103 Display criteria :

The link on the acronym of the identifiers give access to the information for this acronym in the dictionary of nomenclature.
Identifiers (16) :
An access of full data is available using the icon Vizier near the identifier of the catalogue

NGC 292 2FGL J0059.0-7242e LEDA 3085 PBC J0102.7-7241
Anon 0051-73 3FGL J0059.0-7242e NAME SMC XSS J00595-7303
ESO 29-21 4FGL J0058.0-7245e NAME Nubecula Minor [M98c] 005053.0-730418
1FGL J0101.3-7257 GLXY G291.4-41.7+191 NAME Small Magellanic Cloud [MI94] Im 6

References (10600 between 1850 and 2023) (Total 10600)
Simbad bibliographic survey began in 1850 for stars (at least bright stars) and in 1983 for all other objects (outside the solar system).
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Collections of Measurements


velocities : 3    distance : 10    Fe_H : 1   

   

Observing logs


herschel : 83    ISO : 50    XMM : 2   

   

External archives :

Archive data at HEASARC - High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center

Data at NED - NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database : NAME SMC

Link by name to the catalogue in VizieR :

NGC 292

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2023.03.28-03:52:49

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