2017A&A...602A..77T

Query : 2017A&A...602A..77T

2017A&A...602A..77T - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 602A, 77-77 (2017/6-1)

The earliest phases of high-mass star formation, as seen in NGC 6334 by Herschel-HOBYS.

TIGE J., MOTTE F., RUSSEIL D., ZAVAGNO A., HENNEMANN M., SCHNEIDER N., HILL T., NGUYEN LUONG Q., DI FRANCESCO J., BONTEMPS S., LOUVET F., DIDELON P., KONYVES V., ANDRE P., LEULEU G., BARDAGI J., ANDERSON L.D., ARZOUMANIAN D., BENEDETTINI M., BERNARD J.-P., ELIA D., FIGUEIRA M., KIRK J., MARTIN P.G., MINIER V., MOLINARI S., NONY T., PERSI P., PEZZUTO S., POLYCHRONI D., RAYNER T., RIVERA-INGRAHAM A., ROUSSEL H., RYGL K., SPINOGLIO L. and WHITE G.J.

Abstract (from CDS):

Aims. To constrain models of high-mass star formation, the Herschel-HOBYS key program aims at discovering massive dense cores (MDCs) able to host the high-mass analogs of low-mass prestellar cores, which have been searched for over the past decade. We here focus on NGC 6334, one of the best-studied HOBYS molecular cloud complexes.
Methods. We used Herschel/PACS and SPIRE 70-500µm images of the NGC 6334 complex complemented with (sub)millimeter and mid-infrared data. We built a complete procedure to extract ∼0.1pc dense cores with the getsources software, which simultaneously measures their far-infrared to millimeter fluxes. We carefully estimated the temperatures and masses of these dense cores from their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We also identified the densest pc-scale cloud structures of NGC 6334, one 2pcx1pc ridge and two 0.8pcx0.8pc hubs, with volume-averaged densities of ∼10⁵cm^–3.
Results. A cross-correlation with high-mass star formation signposts suggests a mass threshold of 75M_☉ for MDCs in NGC 6334. MDCs have temperatures of 9.5-40K, masses of 75-1000M_☉, and densities of 1x10⁵-7x10⁷cm^–3. Their mid-infrared emission is used to separate 6 IR-bright and 10 IR-quiet protostellar MDCs while their 70µm emission strength, with respect to fitted SEDs, helps identify 16 starless MDC candidates. The ability of the latter to host high-mass prestellar cores is investigated here and remains questionable. An increase in mass and density from the starless to the IR-quiet and IR-bright phases suggests that the protostars and MDCs simultaneously grow in mass. The statistical lifetimes of the high-mass prestellar and protostellar core phases, estimated to be 1-7x10⁴yr and at most 3x10⁵yr respectively, suggest a dynamical scenario of high-mass star formation.
Conclusions. The present study provides good mass estimates for a statistically significant sample, covering the earliest phases of high-mass star formation. High-mass prestellar cores may not exist in NGC 6334, favoring a scenario presented here, which simultaneously forms clouds, ridges, MDCs, and high-mass protostars.

Abstract Copyright: © ESO, 2017

Journal keyword(s): dust, extinction - ISM: clouds - stars: formation - submillimeter: ISM - stars: protostars - ISM: individual objects: NGC 6334 - ISM: individual objects: NGC 6334

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/602/A77): catalog.dat tanle3.dat list.dat fits/*>

Nomenclature: Table A.1: HOBYS JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS N=46.

Simbad objects: 65

Full paper

View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 65

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2023	#notes
1	NGC 634	GiG	01 38 18.679	+35 21 53.47		14.0				~	61	0
2	NAME Rosette Molecular Cloud	MoC	06 34.7	+04 02						~	259	0
3	NAME Car-Sgr Arm	PoG	15 00	-40.0						~	499	1
4	AGAL G350.507+00.959	cor	17 17 00.41	-36 20 50.2						~	15	0
5	HOBYS J171701.8-362045	FIR	17 17 01.82	-36 20 45.7						~	1	0
6	GM 1-24	HII	17 17 04.0	-36 21 14						~	54	0
7	AGAL G350.544+00.957	Y*O	17 17 09.03	-36 19 03.3						~	7	0
8	HOBYS J171733.9-362613	FIR	17 17 33.93	-36 26 13.1						~	1	0
9	HOBYS J171745.8-360854	FIR	17 17 45.81	-36 08 54.8						~	1	0
10	HOBYS J171747.9-360928	FIR	17 17 47.95	-36 09 28.5						~	2	0
11	AGAL G350.729+00.927	Y*O	17 17 48.01	-36 11 02.5						~	8	0
12	AGAL G350.852+00.822	cor	17 18 34.83	-36 08 46.0						~	10	0
13	AGAL G350.922+00.746	Y*O	17 19 05.24	-36 07 57.8						~	11	0
14	HOBYS J171907.2-360820	FIR	17 19 07.22	-36 08 20.2						~	1	0
15	HD 319699	*	17 19 30.4178180256	-35 42 36.122104260	10.17	10.31	9.63	9.81	8.91	O5V((fc))	63	0
16	AGAL G351.139+00.756	Y*O	17 19 39.66	-35 56 52.0						~	11	0
17	VdBH 86	RNe	17 19 46	-36 05.8						~	61	0
18	HOBYS J171951.8-355707	smm	17 19 51.86	-35 57 07.7						~	3	0
19	HOBYS J171954.7-355739	cor	17 19 54.70	-35 57 39.1						~	1	0
20	SSTGLMA G351.1556+00.7030	FIR	17 19 54.98	-35 57 55.5						~	1	0
21	HOBYS J171955.7-355749	cor	17 19 55.74	-35 57 49.9						~	1	0
22	NAME NGC 6334 FIR V	Cl*	17 19 57	-35 57.5						~	93	0
23	HOBYS J171957.5-355752	cor	17 19 57.55	-35 57 52.1						~	1	0
24	AGAL G350.952+00.551	Y*O	17 19 58.00	-36 13 13.5						~	7	0
25	AGAL G350.974+00.549	Y*O	17 20 02.16	-36 12 14.5						~	9	0
26	NAME NGC 6334-IV	Cl*	17 20 17	-35 54.9						~	45	1
27	HOBYS J172017.7-355906	smm	17 20 17.70	-35 59 06.5						~	2	0
28	HOBYS J172017.9-355446	cor	17 20 17.96	-35 54 46.8						~	1	0
29	HOBYS J172018.0-355456	cor	17 20 18.04	-35 54 56.5						~	1	0
30	HOBYS J172018.8-355435	cor	17 20 18.88	-35 54 35.3						~	1	0
31	HOBYS J172019.2-355422	FIR	17 20 19.28	-35 54 22.8						~	1	0
32	HOBYS J172019.5-355440	cor	17 20 19.50	-35 54 40.4						~	1	0
33	HOBYS J172019.7-355633	smm	17 20 19.72	-35 56 33.9						~	2	0
34	HOBYS J172020.8-355432	FIR	17 20 20.86	-35 54 32.9						~	1	0
35	HOBYS J172022.9-355500	FIR	17 20 22.97	-35 55 00.3						~	1	0
36	HOBYS J172023.0-355443	FIR	17 20 23.05	-35 54 43.6						~	1	0
37	HOBYS J172023.8-355450	FIR	17 20 23.83	-35 54 50.4						~	1	0
38	HOBYS J172024.0-355459	cor	17 20 24.00	-35 54 59.7						~	1	0
39	JCMTSF J172024.1-355456	Rad	17 20 24.1	-35 54 59						~	7	0
40	AGAL G351.184+00.577	Y*O	17 20 30.91	-36 00 54.8						~	13	0
41	GAL 351.31+00.6	HII	17 20 31	-35 51.6						~	45	0
42	AGAL G351.434+00.676	Y*O	17 20 49.22	-35 45 04.2						~	14	0
43	GRS G351.20 +00.50	HII	17 20.9	-36 03						~	5	0
44	NGC 6334	HII	17 20 53	-36 07.9						~	674	0
45	AGAL G351.466+00.682	Y*O	17 20 53.03	-35 43 17.0						~	12	0
46	AGAL G351.416+00.646	cor	17 20 53	-35 47.0						~	26	0
47	NAME NGC 6334-I	Cl*	17 20 53.35	-35 47 01.5						~	333	0
48	NAME NGC 6334F (C)	HII	17 20 53.45	-35 47 02.6						~	227	1
49	HOBYS J172053.6-354521	FIR	17 20 53.66	-35 45 21.1						~	1	0
50	NAME NGC 6334 I(N)	smm	17 20 54	-35 45.0						~	147	1
51	HOBYS J172054.5-353518	FIR	17 20 54.57	-35 35 18.3						~	1	0
52	HOBYS J172054.6-354511	cor	17 20 54.67	-35 45 11.0						~	1	0
53	HOBYS J172055.2-354500	cor	17 20 55.23	-35 45 00.0						~	1	0
54	AGAL G351.431+00.649	Y*O	17 20 55.36	-35 46 05.7						~	9	0
55	HOBYS J172056.4-354528	FIR	17 20 56.48	-35 45 28.9						~	1	0
56	HOBYS J172057.4-354517	FIR	17 20 57.47	-35 45 17.8						~	1	0
57	HOBYS J172059.4-354457	FIR	17 20 59.48	-35 44 57.2						~	1	0
58	AGAL G351.856+00.659	cor	17 22 04.14	-35 24 54.6						~	6	0
59	AGAL G352.006+00.672	smm	17 22 25.58	-35 16 59.9						~	5	0
60	HOBYS J172228.8-350933	cor	17 22 28.89	-35 09 33.8						~	2	0
61	AGAL G352.073+00.686	cor	17 22 33.45	-35 13 16.7						~	11	0
62	NAME Cyg X	Cld	20 28 41	+41 10.2						~	793	1
63	[BMC2010] CygX-N40 MM1	mm	20 38 59.54	+42 23 43.6						~	4	0
64	DR 21	SFR	20 39 01.6	+42 19 38						O4.5	1036	0
65	[BMC2010] CygX-N53 MM2	mm	20 39 03.22	+42 25 51.2						~	12	0

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