1999A&A...348..579M

The spectrometers onboard the Infrared Telescope in Space (IRTS) reveal water vapor absorption in early M-type stars, as early as M2. Previous observations detected H₂O vapor absorption only in stars later than M6, with the exception of the recent detection of H₂O in beta Peg (M2.5 II-III). In our sample of 108 stars, 67 stars have spectral types earlier than M6. The spectral types are established by means of their near-infrared colors on a statistical basis. Among the 67 stars of spectral types earlier than M6, we find water vapor absorption in six stars. The observed absorption features are interpreted using a local thermodynamic equilibrium model. The features are reasonably fitted by model spectra with excitation temperatures of 1000-1500 K and water column densities of 5x10¹⁹ to 1x10²⁰cm^–2. These numbers imply that the H₂O molecules are present in a region of the atmosphere, located above the photosphere. Furthermore, our analysis shows a good correlation between the H₂O absorption band strength, and the mid-infrared excess due to the circumstellar dust. We discuss the relation between the outer atmosphere and the mass loss.