2001A&A...377..812V

Query : 2001A&A...377..812V

2001A&A...377..812V - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 377, 812-826 (2001/10-3)

Where is the neutral atomic gas in Hickson groups?

VERDES-MONTENEGRO L., YUN M.S., WILLIAMS B.A., HUCHTMEIER W.K., DEL OLMO A. and PEREA J.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have analyzed the total HI contents of 72 Hickson compact groups of galaxies (HCGs) and the detailed spatial distributions and kinematics of HI within a subset of 16 groups using the high angular resolution observations obtained with the VLA in order to investigate a possible evolutionary scenario for these densest systems in the present day galaxy hierarchy. For the more homogeneous subsample of 48 groups, we found a mean HI deficiency of DefHI=0.40±0.07, which corresponds to 40% of the expected HI for the optical luminosities and morphological types of the member galaxies. The individual galaxies show larger degrees of deficiency than the groups globally, DefHI=0.62±0.09 (24% of the expected HI), due in most cases to efficient gas stripping from individual galaxies into the group environment visible in the VLA maps. The degree of deficiency is found to be similar to the central galaxies of Virgo and Coma cluster, and Coma I group, in spite of the significantly different characteristics (number of galaxies, velocity dispersion) of these environments. It does not seem plausible that a significant amount of extended HI has been missed by the observations. Hence phase transformation of the atomic gas should explain the HI deficiency. The groups richer in early type galaxies or more compact with larger velocity dispersions show a weak tendency to be more HI deficient. The detection rate of HCGs at X-ray wavelengths is larger for HI deficient groups, although the hot gas distribution and hence its origin is only known for a few cases. In the evolutionary scenario we propose, the amount of detected HI would decrease further with evolution, by continuous tidal stripping and/or heating. The H2 content also tends to be lower than expected for the galaxies in HI deficient groups, this may suggest that the HI stripping by frequent tidal interaction breaks the balance between the disruption of molecular clouds by star formation and the replenishment from the ambient HI.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: interactions - galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: structure - galaxies: ISM - radio lines: galaxies

Nomenclature: Table 3: [VYW2001] HCG NNT N=9.

Simbad objects: 128

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Number of rows : 128
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 HCG 99 CGG 00 00 43.283 +28 23 08.76           ~ 34 0
2 HCG 100 CGG 00 01 19.783 +13 07 21.81           ~ 58 0
3 HCG 1 CGG 00 26 01.569 +25 43 24.06           ~ 34 0
4 Mrk 552 GiG 00 31 18.844 +08 28 30.33   15.0   13.40   ~ 76 0
5 UGC 312 AGN 00 31 23.840 +08 28 01.32   14.6   13.10   ~ 104 0
6 HCG 2 CGG 00 31 24 +08 26.8           ~ 48 0
7 UGC 314 GiG 00 31 29.3689510392 +08 24 02.141295480   15.4   13.97   ~ 47 0
8 HCG 3 CGG 00 34 11 -07 35.6           ~ 26 0
9 HCG 4 CGG 00 34 15.3 -21 26 52           ~ 59 0
10 HCG 5 CGG 00 38 54.064 +07 03 50.85           ~ 29 0
11 HCG 6 CGG 00 39 10 -08 23.7           ~ 28 0
12 HCG 7 CGG 00 39 15.9 +00 53 17   11.4       ~ 87 0
13 MCG+04-03-008 GiG 00 49 34.169 +23 34 41.61   15.50   13.23   ~ 45 0
14 HCG 8 CGG 00 49 35.450 +23 34 54.58   14.7       ~ 38 0
15 HCG 9 CGG 00 54 18 -23 33.1           ~ 11 0
16 HCG 10 CGG 01 26 24.5 +34 42 51           ~ 52 0
17 HCG 11 CGG 01 26.6 -23 13           ~ 12 0
18 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 5838 1
19 HCG 14 CGG 01 59 47 -07 01.7           ~ 24 0
20 HCG 15 CGG 02 07 39.0 +02 08 18           ~ 73 0
21 2MASX J02090602-1019131 GiG 02 09 06.029 -10 19 13.15   15.56       ~ 14 0
22 NGC 833 Sy2 02 09 20.8490871072 -10 07 59.003785884   14.02 13.00 12.75   ~ 191 0
23 NGC 835 Sy2 02 09 24.606 -10 08 09.31   13.29 12.45 12.24   ~ 206 0
24 NGC 838 LIN 02 09 38.562 -10 08 46.12   13.72   12.65   ~ 195 0
25 HCG 16 CGG 02 09 40.82 -10 11 02.0           ~ 169 0
26 NGC 839 GiG 02 09 42.8 -10 11 02   13.98 11.42 12.70   ~ 151 0
27 NGC 848 Sy2 02 10 17.5101354599 -10 19 15.440210938   13.35       ~ 64 1
28 UGC 2140 AG? 02 39 06.00 +18 23 05.0   14.6       ~ 48 0
29 HCG 19 CGG 02 42 45 -12 24.7           ~ 37 0
30 HCG 20 CGG 02 44 14 +26 06.2           ~ 24 0
31 HCG 21 CGG 02 45 16.9 -17 37 35           ~ 28 0
32 HCG 22 CGG 03 03 31 -15 40.5           ~ 69 0
33 MCG-02-08-050 GiG 03 06 55.210 -09 37 42.90   16.66   14.54   ~ 39 0
34 NGC 1214 Sy1 03 06 55.9415492400 -09 32 38.450810976   15.13   13.45   ~ 52 0
35 HCG 23 CGG 03 07 06 -09 35.1           ~ 44 0
36 NGC 1215 GiG 03 07 09.4626542856 -09 35 33.695780136   14.0   13.27 13.6 ~ 48 0
37 NGC 1216 GiG 03 07 18.3927342768 -09 36 45.561419820   16.00   13.67   ~ 50 0
38 HCG 24 CGG 03 20.3 -10 51           ~ 28 0
39 HCG 25 CGG 03 20 43.7 -01 03 07     13.6     ~ 62 0
40 HCG 26 CGG 03 21 54 -13 38.8           ~ 36 0
41 HCG 30 CGG 04 36.5 -02 49           ~ 43 0
42 2MFGC 4113 G 05 01 35.550 -04 15 47.42   15.35   14.73   ~ 62 0
43 HCG 31 CGG 05 01 37 -04 15.4           ~ 128 0
44 2MASX J05013782-0415294 G 05 01 37.832 -04 15 28.48   13.44   12.76   ~ 71 1
45 NGC 1741 EmG 05 01 38.3 -04 15 25   13.7   13.02 13.6 ~ 266 0
46 LEDA 3092704 GiG 05 01 38.3 -04 13 21           ~ 22 0
47 IC 399 EmG 05 01 44.0604445128 -04 17 19.319048052   15.0 14.8     ~ 70 0
48 LEDA 16863 G 05 10 45.2 +18 01 11   18.06   14.85   ~ 29 0
49 LEDA 16867 G 05 10 47.6166 +18 01 10.814   16.89   13.69   ~ 51 1
50 HCG 34 CGG 05 21 47 +06 40.6   15       ~ 29 0
51 HCG 35 CGG 08 45 20.71 +44 32 23.1           ~ 42 0
52 HCG 36 CGG 09 09 24 +15 47.7           ~ 11 0
53 HCG 37 CGG 09 13 35.6 +30 00 51           ~ 64 0
54 HCG 38 CGG 09 27.6 +12 16           ~ 33 0
55 MCG-01-25-009 GiG 09 38 53.610 -04 51 36.58   15.82   13.66   ~ 54 0
56 APG 321 IG 09 38 54 -04 51.1   15       ~ 82 0
57 MCG-01-25-012 GiG 09 38 54.961 -04 51 57.31   15.19   13.24   ~ 46 0
58 MCG-01-25-011 GiG 09 38 55.2813694056 -04 51 28.652049396   17.36   15.41   ~ 38 0
59 MCG-01-25-010 Sy1 09 38 55.763 -04 50 13.45   15.20   13.54   ~ 52 0
60 HCG 41 CGG 09 57 40 +45 14.4           ~ 15 0
61 HCG 42 CGG 10 00 13.1 -19 38 24           ~ 99 0
62 HCG 43 CGG 10 11.2 -00 01           ~ 28 0
63 LEDA 86788 AG? 10 17 23.290 +21 47 57.98   15.95       ~ 21 0
64 NGC 3185 GiP 10 17 38.5650471192 +21 41 17.573817228   12.99 12.17 12.37   ~ 286 1
65 NGC 3187 GiP 10 17 47.8703571264 +21 52 23.984065272 13.71 13.91 13.44 14.06   ~ 161 1
66 HCG 44 CGG 10 18 00 +21 48.7           ~ 82 0
67 NGC 3189 GiP 10 18 05.643 +21 49 54.98 12.60 12.12 11.15 11.14   ~ 399 2
68 HCG 46 CGG 10 22.0 +17 48           ~ 29 0
69 HCG 47 CGG 10 25 47.904 +13 44 12.36           ~ 41 0
70 HCG 48 CGG 10 37 45.6 -27 04 50           ~ 56 0
71 HCG 49 CGG 10 56 36 +67 10.8           ~ 36 0
72 HCG 51 CGG 11 22 21.6 +24 19 41   14.9       ~ 83 0
73 HCG 53 CGG 11 28 58 +20 46.6           ~ 26 0
74 HCG 54 CGG 11 29 15 +20 34.7           ~ 51 0
75 HCG 56 CGG 11 32 32 +52 56.9           ~ 42 1
76 HCG 57 CGG 11 37 50.5 +21 59 06     15.4     ~ 84 1
77 HCG 58 CGG 11 42 09.4 +10 16 30   11.8 13.68     ~ 82 1
78 HCG 59 CGG 11 48 27 +12 43.0           ~ 53 0
79 HCG 61 CGG 12 12 25.587 +29 09 57.14     13.5     ~ 57 0
80 NAME Coma I Group GrG 12 22 19.4 +29 53 47           ~ 107 0
81 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 26 32.1 +12 43 24           ~ 6643 0
82 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7192 3
83 HCG 62 CGG 12 53 05.6 -09 12 21           ~ 306 0
84 ACO 1656 ClG 12 59 44.40 +27 54 44.9           ~ 4800 2
85 HCG 63 CGG 13 02.2 -32 46           ~ 22 0
86 HCG 64 CGG 13 25 43 -03 51.5           ~ 26 0
87 HCG 65 CGG 13 29 52.92 -29 30 04.5           ~ 26 0
88 HCG 67 CGG 13 49 03.5 -07 12 20           ~ 52 0
89 HCG 68 CGG 13 53 40.9 +40 19 07     12.4     ~ 113 0
90 HCG 69 CGG 13 55 22 +25 07.5           ~ 35 0
91 HCG 70 CGG 14 04 07.4 +33 19 10           ~ 24 0
92 HCG 72 CGG 14 47 55.173 +19 03 35.92           ~ 31 0
93 HCG 73 CGG 15 02 40.1 +23 21 13           ~ 26 0
94 HCG 74 CGG 15 19 28 +20 53.6           ~ 30 0
95 HCG 76 CGG 15 31.7 +07 18           ~ 29 0
96 HCG 78 CGG 15 48.5 +68 12           ~ 17 0
97 HCG 77 CGG 15 49 17 +21 49.7           ~ 13 0
98 MCG+04-38-005 GiG 15 59 10.8358913184 +20 45 43.819011072   13.4   14.21   ~ 68 0
99 HCG 79 CGG 15 59 11.605 +20 45 24.66           ~ 114 0
100 MCG+04-38-007 GiG 15 59 11.875 +20 44 49.71   16.89   16.74   ~ 56 0
101 HCG 80 CGG 15 59 12 +65 13.6   17.7       ~ 27 0
102 NGC 6027 GiG 15 59 12.542 +20 45 48.07   13.4   13.07   ~ 108 2
103 HCG 82 CGG 16 28 22.1 +32 49 25     18.72     ~ 38 0
104 HCG 85 CGG 18 50 04.60 +73 20 27.8           ~ 30 0
105 HCG 87 CGG 20 48 11 -19 50.4           ~ 38 0
106 MCG-01-53-014 AG? 20 52 12.751 -05 47 53.88   15.96   15.17   ~ 41 0
107 HCG 88 CGG 20 52.4 -05 45           ~ 54 0
108 NGC 6976 AG? 20 52 26.0260763016 -05 46 20.342324820   14.95   13.96   ~ 51 0
109 NGC 6977 LIN 20 52 29.7023914056 -05 44 45.953608524   14.28   12.73   ~ 65 0
110 NGC 6978 LIN 20 52 35.4347594760 -05 42 40.047186780   14.22   12.67   ~ 84 0
111 HCG 89 CGG 21 20.2 -03 54           ~ 33 0
112 HCG 91 CGG 22 09 00.8 -27 47 36           ~ 54 0
113 NGC 7318A GiP 22 35 56.85 +33 57 54.3   14.4   13.13   ~ 134 0
114 NAME Stephan's Quintet CGG 22 35 57.5 +33 57 36           ~ 438 1
115 NGC 7318B GiP 22 35 58.3903354632 +33 57 57.827617524   14.06   12.47   ~ 138 0
116 NGC 7319 Sy2 22 36 03.602 +33 58 33.18   14.57 13.53 12.65   ~ 293 0
117 HCG 93 CGG 23 15 12.2 +18 59 31           ~ 56 0
118 BAX 349.3187+18.7197 ClG 23 17 11.184 +18 41 48.87           ~ 91 0
119 MCG+01-59-046 G 23 19 27.8359540728 +09 29 40.355871360   16.38 15.38 14.66   ~ 44 0
120 VV 20b G 23 19 31.1134732704 +09 30 11.002447872   17.23 16.14 15.37   ~ 33 0
121 HCG 95 CGG 23 19 32 +09 29.5           ~ 58 0
122 NGC 7674 Sy2 23 27 56.6973043968 +08 46 44.253707772 13.84 13.92 13.23 12.64   ~ 700 4
123 MCG+01-59-081 G 23 27 58.7553926496 +08 46 57.872148456   16.10   14.38   ~ 61 0
124 LEDA 71507 G 23 28 00.2 +08 46 02   17.13   16.10   ~ 32 0
125 HCG 96 CGG 23 28 00.40 +08 46 36.9           ~ 50 0
126 HCG 97 CGG 23 47 24.0 -02 19 08           ~ 99 0
127 HCG 98 CGG 23 54 11.990 +00 22 20.17           ~ 39 0
128 HCG 92f G ~ ~           ~ 4 0

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