2002A&A...387.1074M

Query : 2002A&A...387.1074M

2002A&A...387.1074M - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 387, 1074-1082 (2002/6-1)

Gas temperature and excitation classes in planetary nebulae.

MARTINS L.P. and VIEGAS S.M.

Abstract (from CDS):

Empirical methods to estimate the elemental abundances in planetary nebulae usually use the temperatures derived from the [O III] and [N II] emission-line ratios, respectively, for the high- and low-ionization zones. However, for a large number of objects these values may not be available. In order to overcome this difficulty and allow a better determination of abundances, we discuss the relationship between these two temperatures. Although a correlation is not easily seen when a sample of different PNe types is used, the situation is improved when they are gathered into excitation classes. From [OII]/[OIII] and HeII/HeI line ratios, we define four excitation classes. Then, using standard photoionization models which fit most of the data, a linear relation between the two temperatures is obtained for each of the four excitation classes. The method is applied to several objects for which only one temperature can be obtained from the observed emission lines and is tested by recalculation of the radial abundance gradient of the Galaxy using a larger number of PNe. We verified that our previous gradient results, obtained with a smaller sample of planetary nebulae, are not changed, indicating that the temperature relation obtained from the photoionization models are a good approximation, and the corresponding statistical error decreases as expected.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): stars: abundances - ISM: abundances - planetary nebulae: general

CDS comments: Table 9: Ha 1-59 = PN H 1-59, Ha 2-18 = PN H 2-18, Ha 1-18 = PN H 1-18 and Ha 2-86 is a probable misprint for Hen 2-86.

Simbad objects: 128

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Number of rows : 128
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 PN Vy 1-1 PN 00 18 42.1732297536 +53 52 19.778622996           [WC] 129 0
2 PN Hu 1-1 PN 00 28 15.435 +55 57 54.48           ~ 161 1
3 M 76 PN 01 42 19.6557728208 +51 34 31.534970052     17.48   17.69 DOZ 374 2
4 IC 1747 PN 01 57 35.6899203048 +63 19 18.447328776   15.8 15.4     [WC4] 262 2
5 PN M 1-4 PN 03 41 43.4191369752 +52 17 00.267451836   15.86 14.27 15.26   ~ 120 1
6 IC 351 PN 03 47 32.9806443144 +35 02 48.639127308   13.11 12.27 14.35   Of(H) 257 0
7 IC 2003 PN 03 56 21.9884187048 +33 52 30.759977028   13.11 11.87 13.44   [WC3?] 252 0
8 PN K 3-67 PN 04 39 47.92824 +36 45 42.6276   15.085 13.680 14.965   ~ 73 0
9 Jonckheere 320 PN 05 05 34.2777790632 +10 42 22.924778148           O3V(f) 283 0
10 IC 418 PN 05 27 28.2059533560 -12 41 50.282287764   9.405 9.010 10.118   O7fp 1031 2
11 NGC 2022 PN 05 42 06.1904253312 +09 05 10.585995576   14.9 14.2     [WC] 362 0
12 PN M 1-5 PN 05 46 50.0119955400 +24 22 02.848049436           ~ 116 1
13 IC 2149 PN 05 56 23.9011721904 +46 06 17.204826816   11.21 11.35     O7.5 429 0
14 IC 2165 PN 06 21 42.7847803566 -12 59 14.040997076   12.146 10.782 12.305   ~ 375 0
15 PN VV 28 PN 06 25 57.2710426104 +17 47 27.136548168     12.5     [WC] 290 0
16 PN M 1-8 PN 06 53 33.795 +03 08 26.96   11.7       ~ 99 0
17 PN M 3-1 PN 07 02 49.9034289668 -31 35 29.173259232   12.9 12.70     ~ 125 0
18 NGC 2346 PN 07 09 22.5215800440 -00 48 23.610997332   11.76 11.58     A5V 573 0
19 PN M 3-2 PN 07 14 49.9223169552 -27 50 23.233595640           ~ 78 0
20 PN M 1-13 PN 07 21 15.037 -18 08 34.65   11.0       ~ 95 0
21 NGC 2371 PN 07 25 34.6883929008 +29 29 26.430252072   14.48 13.5     Oe 367 0
22 PN M 3-3 PN 07 26 34.228 -05 21 52.16           ~ 79 0
23 NGC 2392 PN 07 29 10.7671398096 +20 54 42.474888072     9.68     O6f 723 1
24 PN M 1-17 PN 07 40 22.1724359520 -11 32 29.783641164           ~ 100 0
25 NGC 2440 PN 07 41 55.4 -18 12 32   11.469 10.104     ~ 652 2
26 WRAY 16-8 PN 07 47 20.0414144496 -51 15 03.432601872   11.9 12.80     Of(H) 112 0
27 NGC 2452 PN 07 47 26.2649505144 -27 20 06.819982188   17.9 12.20     [WO1] 256 0
28 PN M 3-5 PN 08 02 28.95456 -27 41 55.1976         16.135 ~ 85 1
29 EM* AS 204 PN 08 53 30.8813829000 -40 03 42.779700468     14.00     ~ 86 1
30 WRAY 15-344 PN 09 13 52.85 -55 28 17.2     13.70     ~ 56 0
31 NGC 2818A PN 09 16 01.4901525600 -36 37 37.516376856           ~ 229 1
32 NGC 2867 PN 09 21 25.3832468160 -58 18 40.626683604   12.0 10.30     [WO2] 301 0
33 NGC 2899 PN 09 27 03.02 -56 06 21.1     12.40     G0 150 0
34 IC 2501 PN 09 38 47.1901701864 -60 05 30.807638520   11.7 10     O3-6 181 0
35 WRAY 16-59 PN 09 47 24.7963333896 -48 58 14.652965964     13.50     ~ 65 0
36 PN PB 6 PN 10 13 15.9622567176 -50 19 59.563979688   17.4 17.6     [WO1] 137 0
37 WRAY 17-45 PN 10 31 31.95 -53 33 29.5     15.00     ~ 42 0
38 WRAY 16-74 PN 10 35 45.7221637392 -64 19 11.562575952     14.50     ~ 67 0
39 WRAY 16-79 PN 10 48 43.2301961352 -56 03 09.640445832   17.6 17.4     [WO3] 76 0
40 IC 2621 PN 11 00 20.028432 -65 14 57.82920   12.923 11.424 13.309   wels 131 0
41 PN Fg 1 PN 11 28 36.2243510088 -52 56 04.118494344   13.1 12.20     ~ 172 0
42 NGC 3918 PN 11 50 17.7709504944 -57 10 57.017302428   10.0 8.5     ~ 381 0
43 WRAY 16-117 PN 12 30 30.4344727152 -64 52 05.689186752   14.55 15.00     [WC4] 120 0
44 NGC 4673 GiG 12 45 34.6697689368 +27 03 38.999971728   13.7       ~ 83 0
45 PN Th 2-A PN 13 22 33.9621965258 -63 21 02.014697519           [WO3]pec 92 1
46 NGC 5189 PN 13 33 32.8780414224 -65 58 27.041428272   14.1 14.5   14.35 [WO1] 316 2
47 NGC 5315 PN 13 53 56.9726795664 -66 30 50.859483264   14.58 14.40     [WO4] 309 0
48 WRAY 16-156 PN 14 33 17.97 -60 49 36.3   16.3 16.7   15.38 ~ 162 0
49 WRAY 16-157 PN 14 40 30.9314441472 -52 34 56.917952040     13.70     ~ 78 0
50 WRAY 16-162 PN 15 05 16.80 -55 11 10.5     14.50     ~ 115 0
51 NGC 5882 PN 15 16 49.9562553264 -45 38 58.616280132   11.9 10.9     ~ 274 0
52 PN Me 2-1 PN 15 22 19.2811793544 -23 37 31.412401104   12.2 12.20     ~ 216 0
53 WRAY 16-175 PN 15 22 19.3810418304 -54 08 12.691013892     14.00     O3-4 97 0
54 WRAY 16-194 PN 15 58 08.1032974200 -55 41 50.351235504     15.60     ~ 87 0
55 WRAY 16-195 PN 15 59 08.85 -58 23 52.8     14.00     ~ 94 0
56 IC 4593 PN 16 11 44.5479462840 +12 04 17.031388584   10.91 10.84     O7fp 453 0
57 PN Mz 2 PN 16 14 32.3972570889 -54 57 04.660854787     13.00     ~ 102 0
58 WRAY 16-212 PN 16 17 14.3671921032 -53 32 05.512002792     15.00     ~ 59 0
59 PN Sn 1 PN 16 21 04.3989619848 -00 16 10.680559932           ~ 92 0
60 WRAY 16-223 PN 16 29 53.2961325936 -53 23 14.437777956     14.50     ~ 71 0
61 NGC 6153 PN 16 31 30.5708444544 -40 15 12.646208700   10.7 15.55     ~ 303 0
62 NGC 6210 PN 16 44 29.5191019368 +23 47 59.421958296   12.3 11.7     Of/[WR] 587 0
63 IC 4634 PN 17 01 33.5816774904 -21 49 33.015515916   12.3 11.3     O3If 278 0
64 PN M 2-6 PN 17 04 18.32832 -30 53 28.8816       15.650   ~ 77 0
65 PN PC 14 PN 17 06 14.75 -52 30 00.5   17.2 16.5     [WC4/6] 109 0
66 NGC 6309 PN 17 14 04.3074600360 -12 54 37.893271860   11.6       O(He) 312 1
67 PN M 2-10 PN 17 14 07.0266004296 -31 19 42.983628132     15.00     ~ 81 0
68 NGC 6369 PN 17 29 20.4566510904 -23 45 34.771819248   16.6 12.00     [WC4] 317 0
69 PN H 1-18 PN 17 29 42.76 -29 32 50.3           ~ 72 0
70 PN M 1-25 PN 17 38 30.3160501176 -22 08 38.934269052   17.9       [WC6] 145 0
71 PN Hb 4 PN 17 41 52.8002065320 -24 42 08.330663196   18.4 17     [WC4] 219 1
72 PN H 2-18 PN 17 43 18.3532870822 -21 09 03.245216375         13.816 ~ 78 0
73 PN M 3-15 PN 17 45 31.7096699160 -20 58 01.493896440           [WC4/6] 127 1
74 PN Hb 5 PN 17 47 56.20 -29 59 39.6   10.50 10.78     ~ 266 0
75 NGC 6439 PN 17 48 19.820 -16 28 44.42     12.2     ~ 174 0
76 NGC 6445 PN 17 49 15.0282384611 -20 00 34.159640072   18.9       ~ 293 0
77 PN Vy 1-2 PN 17 54 22.98 +27 59 58.1           ~ 111 0
78 IC 4670 PN 17 55 07.031 -21 44 40.04   15.03 13.28 13.88 13.56 ~ 146 2
79 NGC 6543 PN 17 58 33.4039587288 +66 37 58.750734000   11.09 11.28     [WC] 1170 1
80 PN M 1-34 PN 18 01 22.146 -33 17 45.21     10.5   16.31 ~ 67 0
81 PN M 2-23 PN 18 01 42.6413050824 -28 25 44.117293404     13.00     ~ 117 0
82 NGC 6537 PN 18 05 13.104 -19 50 34.88     13.58     ~ 426 1
83 PN M 1-40 PN 18 08 25.989 -22 16 52.93   11       ~ 117 1
84 PN H 1-59 PN 18 11 29.263 -27 46 15.69   14.5       ~ 67 0
85 NGC 6565 PN 18 11 52.4858232888 -28 10 42.421241244   12.5 12.2 12.12   PN 226 0
86 NGC 6563 PN 18 12 02.50 -33 52 07.0   11.7 10     ~ 178 1
87 NGC 6572 PN 18 12 06.3181909152 +06 51 13.027935240   9.3 10.8     [WC] 753 0
88 NGC 6567 PN 18 13 45.1636643352 -19 04 34.071637152     10.9     [WC5/6] 270 1
89 NGC 6578 PN 18 16 16.517 -20 27 02.67           [WC4/6] 203 0
90 NGC 6620 PN 18 22 54.182 -26 49 17.19   12.8 13.30 14.34 14.55 ~ 139 0
91 NGC 6629 PN 18 25 42.4541775576 -23 12 10.551587436   11.90 9.9     [WC5/6] 265 0
92 NGC 6644 PN 18 32 34.70280 -25 07 44.1588           ~ 193 0
93 IC 4732 PN 18 33 54.6340681272 -22 38 41.382665232   12.5       ~ 147 0
94 PN M 1-54 PN 18 36 08.357 -16 59 57.02           ~ 82 0
95 PN M 3-29 PN 18 39 25.8182649336 -30 40 37.222765752   13.0 14.10     ~ 77 0
96 IC 4776 PN 18 45 50.705 -33 20 34.12   11.98 10.62     [WC]pec 194 1
97 PN Pe 1-17 PN 18 47 48.799 -09 09 06.93           ~ 58 0
98 M 57 PN 18 53 35.0967659112 +33 01 44.883287544   15.405 15.769 15.901 16.062 DA(O?) 831 2
99 NGC 6741 PN 19 02 37.10 -00 26 56.7     9.6     ~ 346 0
100 NGC 6751 PN 19 05 55.5383775432 -05 59 32.288861544   15.78 15.48     [WC4] 328 0
101 IC 4846 PN 19 16 28.2266496960 -09 02 36.677150592           ~ 214 0
102 IC 1297 PN 19 17 23.4475188000 -39 36 46.253665872     10.89     [WC3/4] 161 0
103 NGC 6778 PN 19 18 25.0 -01 35 47     14.8     ~ 256 0
104 NGC 6790 PN 19 22 56.972976 +01 30 46.40112   12.247 10.504 12.684   wels 322 0
105 NGC 6807 PN 19 34 33.53 +05 41 02.5     12     ~ 140 0
106 HD 184738 PN 19 34 45.2337620448 +30 30 58.950651240   10.41 10.44     [WC9] 952 0
107 PN Me 1-1 PN 19 39 09.8202196560 +15 56 48.274743516   13.343 11.855 12.493   ~ 126 0
108 PN M 1-74 PN 19 42 18.78 +15 09 08.3   12.8       ~ 123 0
109 NGC 6818 PN 19 43 58.022 -14 09 13.44     9.3     ~ 346 1
110 NGC 6826 PN 19 44 48.1500225888 +50 31 30.249034932   9.779 9.359 10.775   O3f(H) 719 0
111 NGC 6833 PN 19 49 46.5667474512 +48 57 40.113276876           ~ 173 0
112 PN M 1-75 PN 20 04 44.1 +31 27 28           ~ 97 1
113 NGC 6884 PN 20 10 23.6424784416 +46 27 39.631794408   11.9 10.9     ~ 314 1
114 NGC 6879 PN 20 10 26.6930056361 +16 55 21.272110541   13.661 12.540 14.075   O3f(He) 150 0
115 NGC 6881 PN 20 10 52.45 +37 24 42.4           ~ 207 0
116 NGC 6886 PN 20 12 42.83016 +19 59 22.6320   13.053 11.719     ~ 320 1
117 NGC 6891 PN 20 15 08.8435405584 +12 42 15.584146740   12.11 12.51     O3Ib(f*) 395 0
118 NGC 6894 PN 20 16 23.965 +30 33 53.17           ~ 199 0
119 NGC 6905 PN 20 22 22.9919225472 +20 06 16.285052088   16.3 14.5     [WC3] 346 0
120 NGC 7009 PN 21 04 10.8155187648 -11 21 48.580157556   12.48 12.07     ~ 996 1
121 NGC 7026 PN 21 06 18.5723414928 +47 51 06.774735780   15.33 15.1     [WC3] 418 1
122 PN Hu 1-2 PN 21 33 08.3106242400 +39 38 09.554428752     12.0     ~ 286 1
123 IC 5217 PN 22 23 55.7180137224 +50 58 00.464340252     15.5     [WC7] 306 0
124 NGC 7293 PN 22 29 38.5454047152 -20 50 13.747242408 11.894 13.158 13.524 13.689 13.898 DAO.5 943 0
125 PN Me 2-2 PN 22 31 43.6753782000 +47 48 03.836846628   9.3       ~ 154 0
126 NGC 7354 PN 22 40 19.8733664208 +61 17 08.746685772           ~ 277 1
127 NGC 7662 PN 23 25 53.8318792825 +42 32 05.835828380       11.427   ~ 926 0
128 PN M 2-55 PN 23 31 52.708 +70 22 10.11           ~ 83 0

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