2007A&A...466.1013M

Query : 2007A&A...466.1013M

2007A&A...466.1013M - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 466, 1013-1023 (2007/5-2)

Star formation in the Vela molecular ridge. Large scale mapping of cloud D in the mm continuum.

MASSI F., DE LUCA M., ELIA D., GIANNINI T., LORENZETTI D. and NISINI B.

Abstract (from CDS):

The Vela molecular ridge is one of the nearest intermediate-mass star forming regions, located within the galactic plane and outside the solar circle. Cloud D, in particular, hosts a number of small embedded young clusters. We present the results of a large-scale map in the dust continuum at 1.2mm of a ∼1°x1° area within cloud D. The main aim of the observations was to obtain a complete census of cluster-forming cores and isolated (both high- and low-mass) young stellar objects in early evolutionary phases. The bolometer array SIMBA at SEST was used to map the dust emission in the region with a typical sensitivity of ∼ 20mJy/beam. This allows a mass sensitivity of ∼0.2M☉. The resolution is 24", corresponding to ∼0.08pc, roughly the radius of a typical young embedded cluster in the region. The continuum map is also compared to a large scale map of CO(1-0) integrated emission. Using the CLUMPFIND algorithm, a robust sample of 29 cores has been obtained, spanning the size range 0.03-0.25 pc and the mass range 0.4-88M☉. The most massive cores are associated both with red IRAS sources and with embedded young clusters, and coincide with CO(1-0) integrated emission peaks. The cores are distributed according to a mass spectrum ∼M–α and a mass-versus-size relation ∼Dx, with α∼1.45-1.9 and x∼1.1-1.7. They appear to originate in the fragmentation of gas filaments seen in CO(1-0) emission and their formation is probably induced by expanding shells of gas. The core mass spectrum is flatter than the Initial Mass Function of the associated clusters in the same mass range, suggesting further fragmentation within the most massive cores. A threshold AV∼12mag seems to be required for the onset of star formation in the gas.

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Journal keyword(s): ISM: clouds - ISM: individual objects: Vela molecular ridge - ISM: dust, extinction - stars: formation - submillimeter

Nomenclature: Table 1: [MDE2007] MMSNN (Nos MMS1 to MMS29). Table 2: [MDE2007] ummsNN (Nos umms1 to umms26).

Simbad objects: 86

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Number of rows : 86
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 RRF 1343 HII 02 20 05.6 +61 07 04           ~ 35 1
2 NAME Perseus Cloud SFR 03 35.0 +31 13           ~ 1364 0
3 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4416 0
4 NAME Vela-D Molecular Cloud MoC 08 39 -41.0           ~ 49 0
5 [MDE2007] MMS1 mm 08 45 33.40 -43 50 20.1           ~ 6 0
6 [MDE2007] MMS2 mm 08 45 34.80 -43 52 04.1           ~ 8 0
7 GAL 263.62-00.53 HII 08 45 34.9 -43 51 07           ~ 10 1
8 IRAS 08438-4340 * 08 45 35.8 -43 51 02           G3III 26 1
9 [MDE2007] MMS3 mm 08 45 40.10 -43 51 32.3           ~ 5 0
10 [MDE2007] umms1 mm 08 46 25.80 -43 42 26.6           ~ 4 0
11 [GMP2005] mmB mm 08 46 28.6 -43 54 42           ~ 2 0
12 [GMP2005] mmA mm 08 46 33.8 -43 54 36           ~ 2 0
13 IRAS 08448-4343 cor 08 46 33.8 -43 54 33           ~ 66 1
14 [MDE2007] MMS4 mm 08 46 34.60 -43 54 36.0           ~ 7 0
15 [MDE2007] umms3 mm 08 46 37.20 -43 19 55.6           ~ 3 0
16 [MDE2007] umms2 mm 08 46 37.20 -43 18 34.9           ~ 2 0
17 [MDE2007] umms4 mm 08 46 49.00 -43 20 27.1           ~ 3 0
18 [MDE2007] MMS5 mm 08 46 49.40 -43 53 08.2           ~ 6 0
19 [MDE2007] umms5 mm 08 46 50.40 -43 21 15.1           ~ 2 0
20 [MDE2007] MMS6 mm 08 46 52.30 -43 52 59.9           ~ 3 0
21 [MDE2007] umms6 mm 08 46 56.60 -43 53 07.1           ~ 3 0
22 [MDE2007] umms7 mm 08 47 28.50 -43 27 00.4           ~ 3 0
23 [MDE2007] umms8 mm 08 47 37.30 -43 43 40.1           ~ 2 0
24 [MDE2007] umms9 mm 08 47 39.50 -43 43 48.0           ~ 2 0
25 [MDE2007] umms10 mm 08 47 41.00 -43 26 28.3           ~ 4 0
26 [MDE2007] umms11 mm 08 47 42.50 -43 43 39.1           ~ 5 0
27 [MDE2007] umms12 mm 08 47 46.80 -43 25 55.4           ~ 3 0
28 [MDE2007] umms13 mm 08 47 55.70 -43 39 41.5           ~ 2 0
29 [MDE2007] umms14 mm 08 47 57.90 -43 38 59.6           ~ 3 0
30 [MDE2007] MMS7 mm 08 47 58.80 -43 39 47.9           ~ 4 0
31 [MDE2007] umms15 mm 08 48 02.40 -43 39 15.5           ~ 2 0
32 [MDE2007] umms16 mm 08 48 15.70 -43 47 07.8           ~ 5 0
33 [MDE2007] umms17 mm 08 48 23.00 -43 31 31.1           ~ 2 0
34 [MDE2007] umms18 mm 08 48 26.70 -43 31 39.7           ~ 3 0
35 [MDE2007] umms19 mm 08 48 33.10 -43 30 43.9           ~ 4 0
36 [MDE2007] umms20 mm 08 48 35.50 -43 30 59.8           ~ 3 0
37 [MDE2007] umms22 mm 08 48 36.60 -43 16 51.2           ~ 4 0
38 [MDE2007] umms21 mm 08 48 36.80 -43 31 13.8           ~ 2 0
39 PN K 2-15 HII 08 48 39.0553841664 -42 53 54.005736984   12.86 12.01 11.72 10.79 B0V 67 2
40 [MDE2007] MMS8 mm 08 48 39.40 -43 31 23.9           ~ 3 0
41 [MDE2007] MMS10 mm 08 48 43.00 -43 37 08.0           ~ 3 0
42 [MDE2007] MMS9 mm 08 48 43.00 -43 31 48.0           ~ 5 0
43 [MDE2007] MMS11 mm 08 48 45.10 -43 37 40.1           ~ 3 0
44 IRAS 08470-4321 cor 08 48 48.2 -43 32 25           ~ 46 0
45 [MDE2007] MMS12 mm 08 48 49.00 -43 32 28.0           ~ 6 0
46 [MDE2007] MMS13 mm 08 48 49.70 -43 33 15.9           ~ 2 0
47 [MDE2007] MMS14 mm 08 48 51.10 -43 31 08.1           ~ 5 0
48 [MDE2007] MMS15 mm 08 48 52.60 -43 30 28.1           ~ 3 0
49 [MDE2007] MMS16 mm 08 48 53.30 -43 31 00.1           ~ 6 0
50 [MDE2007] MMS17 mm 08 48 57.80 -43 38 28.0           ~ 6 0
51 IRAS 08472-4326A cor 08 49 02.9 -43 38 03           ~ 5 0
52 [MDE2007] MMS18 mm 08 49 03.60 -43 38 12.1           ~ 4 0
53 [MDE2007] MMS19 mm 08 49 08.90 -43 35 48.1           ~ 4 0
54 [MDE2007] MMS20 mm 08 49 11.80 -43 35 24.0           ~ 4 0
55 [MDE2007] MMS21 mm 08 49 13.20 -43 36 28.1           ~ 6 0
56 IRAS 08474-4325 cor 08 49 13.272 -43 36 29.60           ~ 7 0
57 PMN J0849-4335 Rad 08 49 22.6 -43 35 56           ~ 1 0
58 [MDE2007] umms23 mm 08 49 24.20 -43 13 13.4           ~ 3 0
59 IRAS 08476-4306 cor 08 49 25.9 -43 17 10           ~ 27 0
60 [MDE2007] umms24 mm 08 49 27.10 -43 12 33.5           ~ 3 0
61 [MDE2007] MMS22 mm 08 49 27.40 -43 17 08.2           ~ 5 0
62 [MDE2007] umms25 mm 08 49 27.80 -43 12 17.3           ~ 2 0
63 [MDE2007] MMS23 mm 08 49 29.50 -44 04 36.1           ~ 5 0
64 [MDE2007] MMS25 mm 08 49 31.00 -44 10 44.1           ~ 3 0
65 [MDE2007] MMS24 mm 08 49 31.00 -43 17 08.2           ~ 3 0
66 IRAS 08477-4359 cor 08 49 32.3 -44 10 46           ~ 20 0
67 [MDE2007] MMS26 mm 08 49 33.80 -44 10 59.9           ~ 5 0
68 [MDE2007] MMS27 mm 08 49 34.60 -44 11 56.0           ~ 4 0
69 [MDE2007] umms26 mm 08 49 59.00 -43 22 55.6           ~ 4 0
70 [MDE2007] MMS28 mm 08 50 09.40 -43 16 27.8           ~ 4 0
71 PMN J0849-4413 Rad 08 50 11.20 -44 14 37.0           ~ 1 0
72 [MDE2007] MMS29 mm 08 50 12.20 -43 17 16.1           ~ 4 0
73 NAME VELA MOL RIDGE MoC 08 53 -45.0           ~ 155 0
74 NAME Vela C Cld 08 57 -43.2           ~ 178 0
75 NAME Vela B MoC 09 04 -48.0           ~ 29 0
76 NAME Vela A MoC 09 18 -48.0           ~ 31 0
77 GAL 332.80-00.60 HII 16 19 47 -51 04.1           ~ 99 1
78 NAME Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud SFR 16 28 06 -24 32.5           ~ 3630 1
79 LDN 1689 DNe 16 32 22.5 -24 28 29           ~ 137 0
80 GCIRS 16 Cl* 17 45 40.0 -29 00 28           ~ 363 0
81 GCIRS 20 * 17 45 40.01 -29 00 33.9           M7III 20 0
82 GCIRS 21 WR* 17 45 40.222 -29 00 30.85           WC9 100 0
83 GCIRS 17 * 17 45 41.0377 -29 00 22.611           ~ 34 0
84 GCIRS 19 s*r 17 45 41.087 -29 00 47.98           M4Ib 42 0
85 GCIRS 18 * 17 45 41.223 -29 00 38.91           ~ 12 0
86 NGC 7538 OpC 23 13 37 +61 30.0           ~ 879 1

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