2011A&A...526A.127P

Query : 2011A&A...526A.127P

2011A&A...526A.127P - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 526A, 127-127 (2011/2-1)

Gravitational redshifts in main-sequence and giant stars.

PASQUINI L., MELO C., CHAVERO C., DRAVINS D., LUDWIG H.-G., BONIFACIO P. and DE LA REZA R.

Abstract (from CDS):

Precise analyses of stellar radial velocities is able to reveal intrinsic causes of the wavelength shifts of spectral lines (other than Doppler shifts due to radial motion), such as gravitational redshifts and convective blueshifts. Gravitational redshifts in solar-type main-sequence stars are expected to be some 500 m/s greater than those in giants. We search for this difference in redshifts among groups of open-cluster stars that share the same average space motion and thus have the same average Doppler shift. We observed 144 main-sequence stars and cool giants in the M67 open cluster using the ESO FEROS spectrograph and obtained radial velocities by means of cross-correlation with a spectral template. Binaries and doubtful members were not analyzed, and average spectra were created for different classes of stars. The M67 dwarf and giant radial-velocity distributions are each well represented by Gaussian functions, which share the same apparent average radial velocity to within ≃100m/s. In addition, dwarfs in M67 appear to be dynamically hotter (σ=0.90km/s) than giants (σ=0.68km/s). We fail to detect any difference in the gravitational redshifts of giants and MS stars. This is probably because of the differential wavelength shifts produced by the different hydrodynamics of dwarf and giant atmospheres. Radial-velocity differences measured between unblended lines in averaged spectra vary with line-strength: stronger lines are more blueshifted in dwarfs than in giants, apparently removing any effect of the gravitational redshift. Synthetic high-resolution spectra are computed from three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model atmospheres for both giants and dwarfs, and synthetic wavelength shifts obtained. In agreement with observations, 3D models predict substantially smaller wavelength-shift differences than expected from gravitational redshifts only. The procedures developed could be used to test 3D models for different classes of stars, but will ultimately require high-fidelity spectra for measurements of wavelength shifts in individual spectral lines.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): stars: fundamental parameters - galaxies: star clusters: individual: M 67 - stars: late-type - stars: atmospheres - techniques: radial velocities - gravitation

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/526/A127): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 150

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Number of rows : 150
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 * tau Cet PM* 01 44 04.0831371922 -15 56 14.927607677 4.43 4.22 3.50 2.88 2.41 G8V 1255 1
2 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7066 0
3 Cl Melotte 22 OpC 03 46 24.2 +24 06 50           ~ 3436 0
4 Cl Melotte 25 OpC 04 29 47.3 +16 56 53           ~ 3076 0
5 * alf CMa SB* 06 45 08.91728 -16 42 58.0171 -1.51 -1.46 -1.46 -1.46 -1.43 A0mA1Va 1530 0
6 * alf CMa B WD* 06 45 09.3041925037 -16 43 00.724740067   8.41 8.44     DA1.9 544 1
7 * alf CMi SB* 07 39 18.11950 +05 13 29.9552 0.82 0.79 0.37 -0.05 -0.28 F5IV-V+DQZ 1864 0
8 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 288 * 08 49 27.8123807880 +12 14 05.003652876   16.06 15.526     ~ 4 0
9 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 219 * 08 49 28.9798255128 +11 22 33.819776220   17.02 16.06     ~ 3 0
10 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 266 * 08 49 31.6771470504 +11 57 19.549795248   14.64 13.957     ~ 6 0
11 BD+12 1917 V* 08 49 56.8183190424 +11 41 32.987890788   11.2 9.782   8.540 K3III 64 1
12 BD+12 1919 V* 08 50 12.3013655424 +11 51 24.497893908   10.395 9.098 8.842   K5 69 0
13 BD+12 1920 HB* 08 50 18.2738243760 +11 55 21.204725232   10.994 9.909   8.890 ~ 40 0
14 BD+12 1921 RB? 08 50 21.0990835800 +12 21 11.689176636   11.83 10.464     ~ 24 0
15 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 602 BS? 08 50 28.3328740570 +11 42 09.826460508   13.50 12.902     ~ 33 0
16 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 657 * 08 50 29.8754569587 +12 08 07.009402623   13.21 12.619     ~ 32 0
17 NGC 2682 3 V* 08 50 33.9219277868 +11 46 27.285650655 13.412 13.43 12.860   12.191 ~ 36 0
18 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 598 V* 08 50 34.3879932817 +11 39 56.721924944 13.288 13.23 12.594   11.926 G0IV 41 0
19 NGC 2682 4 RG* 08 50 36.1346743896 +11 43 18.093424152 14.180 13.72 12.689   11.746 G8IV 39 0
20 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 656 * 08 50 38.5051994424 +12 07 45.793817940   13.72 13.192     ~ 18 0
21 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 613 SB* 08 50 38.8980729168 +11 46 55.657383636 16.829 16.40 15.411   14.401 ~ 19 0
22 NGC 2682 6 BS? 08 50 40.7921866032 +11 47 46.232730384 13.334 13.355 12.839   12.165 F7V 35 0
23 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 745 SB* 08 50 46.0916139312 +11 43 08.297523444 13.686 13.71 13.077   12.435 F9V 29 0
24 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 721 HB* 08 50 49.6386842857 +11 35 08.946388097   11.76 11.178 10.972 10.170 K1III 55 0
25 NGC 2682 20 V* 08 50 49.9469249705 +11 49 12.771453264 14.186 13.78 12.889   11.998 G8V 66 0
26 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 711 SB* 08 50 53.0574218952 +11 31 20.151919056   13.95 13.390     F5V 28 0
27 NGC 2682 24 SB* 08 50 53.1648732419 +11 47 34.206354717 13.922 13.91 13.307 13.199 12.593 ~ 29 0
28 NGC 2682 28 SB* 08 50 54.3947168904 +11 56 29.078294820 13.385 13.32 12.761     F8IV 42 0
29 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 694 * 08 50 55.2544176864 +11 17 35.208535092   13.80 12.847     ~ 16 0
30 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 723 Ro* 08 50 55.6710835488 +11 35 35.497919184   13.93 13.351   12.664 ~ 29 0
31 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 827 * 08 50 57.0258559014 +11 59 15.902897265 13.726 13.69 13.119     ~ 28 0
32 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 809 * 08 50 57.6200257056 +11 55 14.698943796 14.052 13.98 13.368   12.727 F7V 30 0
33 NGC 2682 37 RB? 08 50 58.1579169528 +11 52 22.369391242 14.489 13.8 12.806   11.881 K0IV 71 0
34 NGC 2682 39 SB* 08 50 58.422 +11 42 12.00   14.09 13.280   12.595 G2V 12 0
35 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 816 SB* 08 50 59.2373800527 +11 56 36.865859655 13.845 13.80 13.213   12.545 ~ 33 0
36 NGC 2682 44 V* 08 50 59.7259991607 +11 39 52.538680279 13.598 13.59 13.053   12.389 F9V 33 0
37 NGC 2682 45 SB* 08 50 59.7602748192 +11 39 22.274439588 14.983 14.07 12.895   11.746 K4V 20 0
38 NGC 2682 46 Ro* 08 51 00.1768051728 +11 54 32.104231704 13.991 13.541 12.764   11.889 G5IV 51 0
39 NGC 2682 62 SB* 08 51 02.1216094008 +11 49 01.315187544 14.013 13.90 13.297   12.579 G0V 23 0
40 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 736 SB* 08 51 03.6465928440 +11 40 31.022067468 13.938 13.92 13.373   12.683 F9V 14 0
41 NGC 2682 72 RG* 08 51 08.3845013448 +11 47 12.146447796   13.39 12.315     F0V 78 0
42 NGC 2682 73 * 08 51 08.5682228256 +11 50 53.061379440 14.471 14.39 13.779 13.450 13.096 G0V 37 0
43 NGC 2682 77 SB* 08 51 09.2446412208 +11 48 20.651806908 14.005 13.93 13.349   12.692 G0V 22 0
44 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1090 * 08 51 12.1288141200 +11 54 40.439537532 16.510 16.12 15.315   14.441 ~ 17 0
45 NGC 2682 84 HB* 08 51 12.6931158192 +11 52 42.446745336   11.629 10.393 10.234 9.500 K1III 134 0
46 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 927 Ro* 08 51 14.0449991400 +11 33 30.586808016   13.85 13.313     ~ 28 0
47 NGC 2682 91 * 08 51 14.7601182624 +11 47 24.021041964 13.454 13.38 12.823   12.145 F8V 36 0
48 NGC 2682 94 * 08 51 15.3440890008 +11 50 14.357582736 13.469 13.38 12.788   12.143 F8: 53 0
49 NGC 2682 36 RB? 08 51 15.6379167000 +11 50 56.225142420 14.310 13.87 13.015   12.10 G9V 44 0
50 NGC 2682 98 SB* 08 51 15.7591211352 +11 52 58.817131032 13.507 13.4 12.817   12.146 F9IV 28 0
51 NGC 2682 101 * 08 51 16.7879888208 +11 50 39.022615248 13.819 13.75 13.173 12.839 12.488 G0V 32 0
52 NGC 2682 103 * 08 51 16.9811609976 +11 50 09.438791316 13.809 13.73 13.156 12.852 12.52 G0V 25 0
53 NGC 2682 104 RG* 08 51 17.0400668664 +11 50 46.501856052   12.114 11.001 10.863 10.12 K0III/IV 84 0
54 NGC 2682 105 RG* 08 51 17.0998188072 +11 48 16.173832932   11.554 10.316 9.942 9.07 K2III 146 0
55 NGC 2682 106 V* 08 51 17.3469363072 +11 47 00.664213272 13.671 13.638 13.069   12.393 ~ 66 0
56 NGC 2682 108 RG* 08 51 17.4855757728 +11 45 22.707921744   11.064 9.603 9.370 8.36 ~ 142 1
57 NGC 2682 109 SB* 08 51 17.7451875648 +11 50 05.603413092 14.120 14.08 13.586   12.820 F9V 18 0
58 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 986 SB* 08 51 17.9917758696 +11 45 54.232467732 13.363 13.28 12.733   12.04 ~ 78 0
59 NGC 2682 114 * 08 51 18.3364820376 +11 43 25.200600708 14.013 13.97 13.399   12.720 F9V 33 0
60 NGC 2682 115 V* 08 51 18.5413189200 +11 49 21.513324180 13.309 13.26 12.645 12.274 11.924 F9IV 91 0
61 Cl* NGC 2682 ES IV-96 RG* 08 51 18.9732499896 +11 58 11.037897372 13.989 13.30 12.272     ~ 49 0
62 BD+12 1924 * 08 51 20.0988475776 +12 18 10.429733196 12.58 10.786 9.324 9.113   K2 52 0
63 NGC 2682 127 V* 08 51 20.1237509496 +11 46 41.751494436 13.336 13.32 12.776   12.08 ~ 87 0
64 NGC 2682 126 * 08 51 20.1257902800 +11 50 23.259652152 14.586 14.54 13.978 13.610 13.241 G0V 30 0
65 NGC 2682 125 * 08 51 20.1572791392 +11 52 48.018858132 14.533 14.44 13.913   13.179 ~ 47 0
66 NGC 2682 128 * 08 51 20.3300020320 +11 45 52.481465496 13.782 13.72 13.244   12.445 ~ 67 0
67 NGC 2682 129 * 08 51 20.5508066664 +11 46 04.890109584 13.826 13.75 13.308   12.490 ~ 66 0
68 NGC 2682 135 RG* 08 51 21.5640702312 +11 46 06.216394188   12.53 11.394   10.39 K1III 110 0
69 NGC 2682 137 SB* 08 51 21.7550090064 +11 51 42.057856260   14.7 14.098   13.281 G2V 26 0
70 NGC 2682 140 Ro* 08 51 22.0511842656 +11 46 41.010219552 13.811 13.797 13.189 12.834 12.496 ~ 78 0
71 Cl* NGC 2682 JS s * 08 51 22.4057563344 +11 51 29.237559012 13.872 13.88 13.313   12.596 F9V 34 0
72 NGC 2682 141 HB* 08 51 22.8036640800 +11 48 01.779545736   11.570 10.346 10.180 9.40 ~ 148 0
73 NGC 2682 OpC 08 51 23.0 +11 48 50           ~ 2342 0
74 Cl* NGC 2682 ES I-182 V* 08 51 25.9380237096 +11 33 00.078758316   13.26 12.734     G4IV 32 0
75 NGC 2682 150 * 08 51 25.9532377776 +11 49 08.962426416 13.825 13.8 13.280 12.893 12.545 F9V 30 0
76 NGC 2682 151 RG* 08 51 26.1833544456 +11 53 51.981683748   11.58 10.391     K1III 111 0
77 NGC 2682 152 * 08 51 26.5223546256 +11 49 20.339261328 14.089 14.05 13.524 13.143 12.780 F5V 26 0
78 NGC 2682 162 * 08 51 28.3019873256 +11 52 17.533993836   13.4 12.850   12.127 F8 34 0
79 Cl* NGC 2682 ES II-1 SB* 08 51 28.6970321736 +11 48 02.197022616 14.501 14.45 13.821   13.040 G1V 38 0
80 NGC 2682 164 RG* 08 51 28.9910274072 +11 50 33.127331784   11.675 10.441 10.250 9.46 K1III 143 0
81 NGC 2682 166 * 08 51 29.3544247680 +11 45 27.647071884 14.413 13.85 12.910   11.962 K0IV 72 0
82 BD+12 1926 RG* 08 51 29.9058258360 +11 47 16.870629444   11.004 9.555 9.360 8.36 K3III 146 0
83 Cl* NGC 2682 ES II-79 V* 08 51 29.9308673256 +11 35 11.164527132 13.322 13.33 12.773     ~ 31 0
84 NGC 2682 171 * 08 51 30.1308913504 +11 43 49.888057481 13.787 13.75 13.136   12.436 F9V 43 0
85 NGC 2682 173 RG* 08 51 30.4540403064 +11 48 58.324606164 13.834 13.12 11.731 11.594 11.08 ~ 43 0
86 NGC 2682 175 * 08 51 31.1963113608 +11 53 18.003022152 14.330 14.31 13.844   13.014 ~ 46 0
87 NGC 2682 177 * 08 51 31.9494510504 +11 53 11.759863056 13.654 13.64 13.134   12.408 F8V 31 0
88 NGC 2682 179 SB* 08 51 32.0621735592 +11 55 08.639510232 14.424 14.33 13.728   12.951 G0V 38 0
89 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1189 V* 08 51 32.1579727152 +11 36 12.552974352 13.887 13.86 13.332   12.608 ~ 30 0
90 NGC 2682 181 * 08 51 32.4021057960 +11 48 01.224703332 13.931 13.60 12.830 12.360 11.895 F5IV 27 0
91 NGC 2682 182 * 08 51 32.4464411376 +11 47 52.374354324 13.335 13.27 12.738 12.294 11.920 G0V 34 0
92 Cl* NGC 2682 ES II-4 * 08 51 32.5745688528 +11 48 24.133350384 14.861 14.81 14.191   13.482 G0V 37 0
93 NGC 2682 189 BS? 08 51 34.2794185200 +11 49 43.866397236 13.415 13.44 12.862   12.244 F8IV 41 0
94 NGC 2682 191 V* 08 51 34.4472203376 +11 37 57.434874240 13.743 13.777 13.207   12.425 F7V 43 0
95 NGC 2682 193 RG* 08 51 35.7789056016 +11 53 34.748492712 13.904 13.22 12.267   11.228 K0III 105 0
96 NGC 2682 206 * 08 51 37.9564222728 +11 58 49.258353396 14.654 13.91 12.925 12.59   ~ 19 0
97 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1337 * 08 51 38.0664585912 +12 01 24.415004928   13.59 13.041     ~ 26 0
98 NGC 2682 209 * 08 51 39.0509285256 +11 47 55.413468276 14.461 14.33 13.783   12.992 ~ 64 0
99 Cl* NGC 2682 ES III-35 RG* 08 51 39.3860048856 +11 51 45.671254056 13.832 13.1 12.117   11.078 K0III 72 0
100 NGC 2682 215 V* 08 51 41.2290418776 +11 54 29.071239876 13.350 13.34 12.836   12.143 F8IV 52 0
101 Cl* NGC 2682 ES II-14 * 08 51 41.4950722613 +11 47 36.175042934 14.804 14.71 14.188   13.382 G2V 48 0
102 NGC 2682 218 RG* 08 51 42.3411424776 +11 50 07.677862008   12.71 11.48     K1III 71 0
103 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1181 Ro* 08 51 42.3592809299 +11 32 07.125783397   13.76 13.257     F3V 31 0
104 NGC 2682 217 RG* 08 51 42.3635843520 +11 51 23.075134668   12.80 11.23     K1III 84 0
105 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1315 * 08 51 42.5972650645 +11 56 05.069222599 17.496 16.97 15.99 15.77 14.892 ~ 25 0
106 NGC 2682 224 RG* 08 51 43.5490441608 +11 44 26.477313396   11.894 10.686 10.460 9.660 K1III 103 0
107 NGC 2682 225 * 08 51 43.7513661936 +11 45 14.861024460 13.663 13.64 13.140   12.412 ~ 43 0
108 NGC 2682 223 RG* 08 51 43.8874792752 +11 56 42.528745068   11.658 10.476   9.500 K1III 102 0
109 NGC 2682 226 * 08 51 44.0075287632 +11 46 24.535277112 13.749 13.549 12.790   11.928 G0 72 0
110 NGC 2682 228 * 08 51 44.6531438448 +11 41 51.065427948 13.802 13.77 13.215   12.524 F8V 35 0
111 NGC 2682 227 RB? 08 51 44.7392991552 +11 46 46.046943048 14.402 13.898 13.000   11.994 K0IV 65 0
112 NGC 2682 229 * 08 51 44.7508892928 +11 45 01.305054864 13.906 13.91 13.387   12.671 F7V 31 0
113 NGC 2682 231 RG* 08 51 45.0772293264 +11 47 45.971197080   12.57 11.468     K1III 111 0
114 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1321 * 08 51 45.2193594264 +11 56 55.352374692 14.181 14.10 13.651     ~ 21 0
115 NGC 2682 233 * 08 51 45.9689615784 +11 44 09.366892764 13.969 13.94 13.427   12.723 F5V 32 0
116 NGC 2682 235 * 08 51 46.4157683952 +11 46 26.717955492 13.989 13.95 13.463   12.694 F8V 31 0
117 NGC 2682 237 * 08 51 48.8385365448 +11 56 51.245718540 14.453 13.82 12.982     K0IV 40 0
118 NGC 2682 241 * 08 51 49.1427101712 +11 49 43.607392284 13.385 13.31 12.759   12.025 F8IV 34 0
119 NGC 2682 243 Ro* 08 51 49.9490514183 +11 49 31.199136660 13.331 13.23 12.675   11.913 F8 58 0
120 NGC 2682 248 * 08 51 51.4587055512 +11 57 49.776123276 13.409 13.34 12.855     F8IV 17 0
121 NGC 2682 255 * 08 51 53.3522898096 +11 48 20.879392644 13.321 13.27 12.767   12.042 F8IV 45 0
122 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1524 * 08 51 55.6635644856 +12 17 57.380178012   13.81 13.119     ~ 23 0
123 NGC 2682 262 RB? 08 51 56.1167034360 +11 50 14.841071664 14.595 13.9 12.976   11.906 K0IV 45 0
124 NGC 2682 266 RG* 08 51 59.5227693496 +11 55 04.835590251   11.65 10.463   9.490 ~ 100 0
125 NGC 2682 267 * 08 51 59.6372211192 +11 52 57.679412484 13.454 13.37 12.878   12.115 ~ 30 0
126 NGC 2682 268 * 08 52 02.1554216664 +11 49 08.369727672 13.46 13.97 13.416   12.669 ~ 25 0
127 BD+12 1928 RB? 08 52 02.6251882992 +12 25 54.209737488   11.181 9.993     K0 24 0
128 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1441 * 08 52 02.7609238368 +11 46 03.895921344 13.739 13.72 13.227   12.468 F4V 24 0
129 NGC 2682 271 * 08 52 03.5581687920 +11 41 23.907093288 13.262 13.05 12.797   12.004 ~ 34 0
130 NGC 2682 272 SB* 08 52 04.7515766136 +11 58 29.081684856   13.27 12.716     ~ 19 0
131 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1459 * 08 52 07.1468891376 +11 49 25.461119892 14.026 14.00 13.518   12.730 ~ 19 0
132 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1464 * 08 52 07.4180971512 +11 50 22.161528852 13.899 13.85 13.308   12.521 ~ 29 0
133 BD+12 1930 BS* 08 52 10.7435074328 +11 44 05.867673842   10.81 10.700     A1V 64 0
134 Cl* NGC 2682 ES II-152 RG* 08 52 10.9715389335 +11 31 49.232248887   12.051 10.911   9.790 G5 69 0
135 NGC 2682 281 V* 08 52 11.3482966608 +11 45 37.976349384 14.016 13.734 12.951   12.019 G5IV 44 0
136 BD+11 1933 RG* 08 52 16.5567418104 +11 19 38.229045852   11.341 10.115     ~ 52 0
137 NGC 2682 286 RG* 08 52 18.5744408733 +11 44 26.374152806   11.541 10.382   9.430 K0III 85 0
138 NGC 2682 287 V* 08 52 18.6871744632 +11 43 24.629462364   13.30 12.738     G0IV 33 0
139 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1583 Ro* 08 52 20.9446463683 +11 39 06.432027903   13.77 13.268     ~ 24 0
140 NGC 2682 289 V* 08 52 21.4004685408 +11 50 41.846670384   13.18 12.707     ~ 29 0
141 NGC 2682 291 RG* 08 52 26.3725994454 +11 41 27.721867583   13.30 12.530     ~ 48 0
142 BD+11 1934 * 08 52 30.4731701328 +11 15 32.359179348   10.41 8.823   6.680 M0 24 0
143 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1679 * 08 52 49.0213013544 +11 15 55.561808232   12.97 12.460     ~ 7 0
144 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1808 SB* 08 52 59.6395168632 +11 40 41.407737276   13.18 12.659     ~ 12 0
145 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1758 * 08 52 59.9098781712 +11 07 25.426660656   12.29 11.06     ~ 11 0
146 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 1852 * 08 53 03.9678119328 +12 11 52.730695752   16.99 16.15     ~ 3 0
147 Cl* NGC 2682 SAND 2015 * 08 53 50.2255711224 +11 43 07.888767960   13.10 12.666 12.66   ~ 17 0
148 NGC 3680 OpC 11 25 34.1 -43 14 24   8.40 7.6     ~ 319 0
149 * alf Boo RG* 14 15 39.67207 +19 10 56.6730 2.46 1.18 -0.05 -1.03 -1.68 K1.5IIIFe-0.5 2318 1
150 NAME Galactic Bulge reg ~ ~           ~ 4299 0

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