2014A&A...570A..45A

The carbon-star envelope IRC +10216 harbors a rich variety of molecules, with more than 80 detected to date. During the course of a λ 3mm survey of IRC +10216 carried out with the IRAM 30-m telescope we have detected various weak lines, with antenna temperatures of a few mK, which we assign to rotational transitions of four new molecules. The observation of three lines of C₅S confirms a previous tentative identification of this molecule based on a line at 24.0GHz. We also report the tentative identification of three molecules not yet observed in space: MgCCH, the first metal acetylide detected in space, and NCCP and SiH₃CN, the phosphorus and silicon analogs of cyanogen (NCCN) and methyl cyanide (CH₃CN). We derive the following column densities: N(C₅S)=(2-14)x10¹²cm^–2 (depending on the rotational temperature adopted), N(MgCCH)=2x10¹²cm^–2, N(NCCP)=7x10¹¹cm^–2, and N(SiH₃CN)=10¹²cm^–2. The S-bearing carbon chain C₅S is less abundant than C₃S, while MgCCH has an abundance in between that of MgNC and those of MgCN and HMgNC. On the other hand, NCCP and SiH₃CN are the least abundant P- and Si-bearing molecules observed to date in IRC +10216. Based on the behavior of similar molecules it is likely that these four species are formed in the outer circumstellar layers of IRC +10216. We discuss possible gas-phase formation routes.