2022A&A...657L...9M

Query : 2022A&A...657L...9M

2022A&A...657L...9M - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 657, L9-9 (2022/1-1)

An episodically variable stellar wind in the planetary nebula IC 4997.

MIRANDA L.F., TORRELLES J.M. and LILLO-BOX J.

Abstract (from CDS):

IC 4997 is a planetary nebula well known by its variability. We present high-resolution spectra of IC 4997 obtained in 1993, 2019, and 2020 that reveal changes in the Hα and [NII] emission line profiles, which had never been reported for this object. The Hα P Cygni emission profile observed in 1993 changed to a single-peaked profile in 2019-2020, implying that the stellar wind has largely weakened. The very broad Hα emission wings narrowed by a factor of ∼2 between 1993 and 2019-2020, indicating that the efficiency of the Rayleigh-Raman scattering has noticeably decreased. A high-velocity [NII] nebular component detected in 1993 is missing in 2019 and 2020, probably due to a decrease in its electron density. A correlation exists between the strength of the stellar wind and the episodic (∼50-60 yr) variation in the [OIII]λ4363/Hγ line intensity ratio, suggesting that an episodic, smoothly variable stellar wind is the main cause of the variability of IC 4997. Monitoring of that intensity ratio and of the Hα emission line profile in the coming years and new multiwavelength observations are key to unveiling the ongoing processes in IC 4997 and constraining the origin of the wind variability.

Abstract Copyright: © ESO 2022

Journal keyword(s): planetary nebulae: individual: IC 4997 - stars: winds, outflows - ISM: jets and outflows - circumstellar matter

Simbad objects: 1

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Number of rows : 1
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 IC 4997 PN 20 20 08.7557973960 +16 43 53.698933380   11.94 11.15     [WC7/8] 544 0

Query : 2022A&A...657L...9M

Basic data :
IC 4997 -- Planetary Nebula
Origin of the objects types :

(Ref) Object type as listed in the reference "Ref"
(acronym) Object type linked to the acronym according to the original reference
() Anterior to 2007, before we can link the objet type to a reference, or given by the CDS team in some particular cases

Other object types: 		* (CSI,GCRV,...), Rad (BWE,GB6,...), PN (2013MNRAS,Hen,...), V* (V*), NIR (2MASS), IR (IRAS)
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
ICRS coord. (ep=J2000) : 		20 20 08.7557973960 +16 43 53.698933380 (Optical) [ 0.0342 0.0349 90 ] A 2020yCat.1350....0G
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
FK4 coord. (ep=B1950 eq=1950) : 		20 17 51.3945215183 +16 34 22.694132296 [ 0.0342 0.0349 90 ]
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
Gal coord. (ep=J2000) : 		058.3297152515049 -10.9789343591746 [ 0.0342 0.0349 90 ]
Syntax of proper motions is : "pm-ra pm-dec [error ellipse] quality bibcode"
  • pm-ra : mu-ra*cos(dec) (expressed in the ICRS system in mas/yr)
  • pm-dec : mu-dec (expressed in the ICRS system in mas/yr)
  • [error ellipse] : error major axis and minor axis (in mas), orientation angle (in deg)
  • quality : flag of quality (A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the proper motion reference
Proper motions mas/yr : 		0.449 -5.093 [0.050 0.050 90] A 2020yCat.1350....0G
Syntax of radial velocity (or/and redshift) is : "value [error] (wavelength) quality bibcode"
  • value : radial velocity or/and redshift (Heliocentric frame) according to your Output Options
    (redshift may be not displayed if the data value is <0 and the database inside value is a radial velocity)
  • [error] : error of the corresponding value displayed before
  • (wavelength) : wavelength range of the measurement : Rad, mm, IR, Opt, UV, Xray, Gam or  '∼'(unknown)
  • quality : flag of quality ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, ∼=unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the value's origin
Radial velocity / Redshift / cz : 		V(km/s) -64.4 [2] / z(~) -0.000215 [0.000007] / cz -64.39 [2.00]
   E 1953GCRV..C......0W
Syntax of parallax is : 'value quality [error] bibcode'
  • value : parallax value
  • quality : flag of quality (A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • [error] : mean error
  • bibcode : bibcode of the parallax reference
Parallaxes (mas): 		0.1405 [0.0492] A 2020yCat.1350....0G
Spectral type is made of 3 parts: %coding is composed of 4 parts :
  • the spectral type, which is made of a temperature class, eventually a luminosity class (roman number) and/or spectral peculiarities;
  • a quality letter: A=best quality→E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality %
  • a quality letter: A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality
  • bibcode : bibcode of the spectral type reference
Spectral type: 		[WC7/8] C 1941ApJ....93..356S
Syntax of angular size is : "maj-axis min-axis angle (wtype) quality bibcode"
  • maj-axis : major axis size (arc minutes)
  • min-axis : minor axis size (arc minutes)
  • angle : orientation angle (in degrees)
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the angular size (Rad, mm, IR, Opt, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • quality : flag of quality of the angular size values ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the angular size reference
Angular size (arcmin): 		0.04880333 0.04577600 52 (Rad) C 2021MNRAS.503.2887B
Syntax of fluxes (or magnitudes) is : "filter-name (System) flux-value [error] quality MultVarFlags bibcode"
  • filter-name : U, B, V, R, I, G, J, H, K, u, g, r, i, z
  • (System) : may be AB (default is Vega)
  • flux-value : value of flux or magnitude
  • [error] : error value
  • quality : flag of quality of the flux value ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • MultVarFlags : Mult is zero or one char (J) for joined photometry ; Var can be zero or two chars (V[0-4])
  • bibcode : bibcode of the flux reference
Fluxes (6) :
B 11.94 [0.19] D 2000A&A...355L..27H
V 11.15 [0.12] D 2000A&A...355L..27H
G 11.746148 [0.003894] C 2020yCat.1350....0G
J 10.454 [0.022] C 2003yCat.2246....0C
H 10.405 [0.023] C 2003yCat.2246....0C
K 9.673 [0.019] C 2003yCat.2246....0C
SIMBAD within arcmin
', {sourceSize:12, color:'#30a090'})); aladin.on('objectClicked', function(object) { var objName=object.data.MAIN_ID; aladin.showPopup(object.ra,object.dec,'',''+ objName+''); });" title="Show Simbad objects"> Overlay Simbad points in this preview
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The search radius has to be specified by the user. It is currently limited to a maximum of 30 arcsec. It depends mostly on the precision or quality of the coordinates (SIMBAD and VizieR catalogs), the resolution of the images from which the sources were extracted, source extent, and source crowding.
Suggestions are: crowded field: 0.5 to 1.5 arcsec, 3 arcsec otherwise; uncertain coordinates (SIMBAD quality E or coordinates without reference): 5 to 30 arsec (risky!). sed-help-icon

The link on the acronym of the identifiers give access to the information for this acronym in the dictionary of nomenclature.
Identifiers (25) :
An access of full data is available using the icon Vizier near the identifier of the catalogue

IC 4997 GSC 01631-01785 PN G058.3-10.9 WEB 18076
BWE 2017+1634 HD 193538 PN ARO 38 [LBH86] 2017+165
CSI+16-20178 Hen 2-464 PN VV 256 Gaia DR2 1808888698632805632
GB6 B2017+1634 IRAS 20178+1634 PN VV' 532 Gaia DR3 1808888702934248704
87GB 201751.1+163413 2MASS J20200875+1643536 TIC 51233934
GCRV 12697 MITG J202012+1644 TYC 1631-1785-1
GSC2 N031213115 PK 058-10 1 V* QV Sge

References (544 between 1850 and 2024) (Total 544)
Simbad bibliographic survey began in 1850 for stars (at least bright stars) and in 1983 for all other objects (outside the solar system).
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Collections of Measurements


velocities : 2    distance : 1    PLX : 1    PM : 2    MK : 3   

   

Observing logs


ISO : 5    IUE : 29   

   

External archives :

Data at NED - NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database : IC 4997

Link by name to the catalogue in VizieR :

BWE 2017+1634 GSC 01631-01785 HD 193538 IRAS 20178+1634 2MASS J20200875+1643536
MITG J202012+1644 PN G058.3-10.9 TYC 1631-1785-1 V* QV Sge Gaia DR2 1808888698632805632
Gaia DR3 1808888702934248704

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