CDS

Messier 78

Query : Messier 78

Basic data :
M 78 -- Reflection Nebula
Origin of the objects types :

(Ref) Object type as listed in the reference "Ref"
(acronym) Object type linked to the acronym according to the original reference
() Anterior to 2007, before we can link the objet type to a reference, or given by the CDS team in some particular cases

Other object types: 		Cl* ([KPS2012]), Cl? (2013A&A), RNe (DG), ISM (Ced)
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
ICRS coord. (ep=J2000) : 		05 46 45.8 +00 04 45 [ ] D ~
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
FK5 coord. (ep=J2000 eq=2000) : 		05 46 45.8 +00 04 45 [ ]
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
FK4 coord. (ep=B1950 eq=1950) : 		05 44 12.0 +00 03 42 [ ]
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
Gal coord. (ep=J2000) : 		205.3287 -14.3119 [ ]
Syntax of proper motions is : "pm-ra pm-dec [error ellipse] quality bibcode"
  • pm-ra : mu-ra*cos(dec) (expressed in the ICRS system in mas/yr)
  • pm-dec : mu-dec (expressed in the ICRS system in mas/yr)
  • [error ellipse] : error major axis and minor axis (in mas), orientation angle (in deg)
  • quality : flag of quality (A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the proper motion reference
Proper motions mas/yr : 		-0.93 -4.50 [1.48 1.48 90] D 2013A&A...558A..53K
Syntax of radial velocity (or/and redshift) is : "value [error] (wavelength) quality bibcode"
  • value : radial velocity or/and redshift (Heliocentric frame) according to your Output Options
    (redshift may be not displayed if the data value is <0 and the database inside value is a radial velocity)
  • [error] : error of the corresponding value displayed before
  • (wavelength) : wavelength range of the measurement : Rad, mm, IR, Opt, UV, Xray, Gam or  '∼'(unknown)
  • quality : flag of quality ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the value's origin
Radial velocity / Redshift / cz : 		V(km/s) 63.30 [7.30] / z(~) 0.000211 [0.000024] / cz 63.31 [7.30]
   E 2013A&A...558A..53K
Syntax of fluxes (or magnitudes) is : "filter-name (System) flux-value [error] quality MultVarFlags bibcode"
  • filter-name : U, B, V, R, I, G, J, H, K, u, g, r, i, z
  • (System) : may be AB (default is Vega)
  • flux-value : value of flux or magnitude
  • [error] : error value
  • quality : flag of quality of the flux value ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • MultVarFlags : Mult is zero or one char (J) for joined photometry ; Var can be zero or two chars (V[0-4])
  • bibcode : bibcode of the flux reference
Fluxes (1) :
B 8.0 [~] E ~
SIMBAD within arcmin
', {sourceSize:12, color:'#30a090'})); aladin.on('objectClicked', function(object) { var objName=object.data.MAIN_ID; aladin.showPopup(object.ra,object.dec,'',''+ objName+''); });" title="Show Simbad objects"> Overlay Simbad points in this preview
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sedIcon
within arcsec The VizieR photometry tool allows for easy visualization of photometry points extracted around the Simbad position from photometry-enabled catalogues in VizieR.
The search radius has to be specified by the user. It is currently limited to a maximum of 30 arcsec. It depends mostly on the precision or quality of the coordinates (SIMBAD and VizieR catalogs), the resolution of the images from which the sources were extracted, source extent, and source crowding.
Suggestions are: crowded field: 0.5 to 1.5 arcsec, 3 arcsec otherwise; uncertain coordinates (SIMBAD quality E or coordinates without reference): 5 to 30 arsec (risky!). sed-help-icon

Hierarchy : number of linked objects
whatever the membership probability is (see description here ) :

The count displayed here is the number of children objects.
The list obtained by clicking the button may be larger, as some children may be linked with different references or probability.

%This number is the number of distinct objets linked, by using this button, you will obtain all links (may be more than one) from that object to his children

: 1 		Display criteria :

The link on the acronym of the identifiers give access to the information for this acronym in the dictionary of nomenclature.
Identifiers (5) :
An access of full data is available using the icon Vizier near the identifier of the catalogue

M 78 DG 80 [KPS2012] MWSC 0664
Ced 55u NGC 2068

References (51 between 2018 and 2023) (Total 366)
Simbad bibliographic survey began in 1850 for stars (at least bright stars) and in 1983 for all other objects (outside the solar system).
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                Reference summaries :

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                 or select by : (not exhaustive, explanation here)

Observing logs


ISO : 10   

   

Warning : measurements from IRAS, IRC, SAO, CL.g (ACO), GJ have been removed
(they are still available using the icon Vizier near the identifier of the catalogue, or at the bottom of the page in the section "External links" to get the full data)

iso (10)

The 2 columns in color are computed by VizieR, and are not part of the original data.
Note: Quick-look images of the data, and specific documentation, are accessible by clicking on the TDT observation identifier
VI/111/isolog
Post annotation 		ISO Observation Log (ISO Data Centre, 2004) [ReadMe+ftp]

*The ISO Observation Log[image] (36737 rows) (Note)		img(gal)
start AladinLite 
 Full      _r        TDT    AOT    minLam  maxLam  Target                                 oStart         oLen    recno   FOV                  RAJ2000   DEJ2000 cal  ObsID    abs  PropID  
        arcmin                      um      um                                             s             s                                     deg       deg                              


    1     0.512  87702428  LWS01   -1.00   -1.00  NGC 2068 P1                     1998-04-10T21:54:16   1630     36381  84" D               086.6825  +00.0772      AFUENTE       PDR02   
    2     0.521  83501503  SWS02    2.61   35.10  NGC 2068 p1                     1998-02-27T22:02:44   5116     34695  33"x20"             086.6824  +00.0770      AFUENTE       PDR02   
    3     1.086  69802809  SWS02    2.61   35.11  NGC 2068 p3                     1997-10-14T07:16:28   5118     29191  33"x20"             086.7015  +00.0646      AFUENTE       PDR02   
    4     1.094  83501430  LWS01   43.05  195.88  NGC 2068 P3                     1998-02-27T21:34:44   1630     34694  84" D               086.7016  +00.0645      AFUENTE       PDR02   
    5     1.143  85801912  SWS02    2.61   35.10  NGC 2068 p4                     1998-03-22T22:56:49   5118     35704  33"x20"             086.6824  +00.0963      AFUENTE       PDR02   
    6     1.702  69802715  SWS02    2.61   35.11  NGC 2068 p5                     1997-10-14T05:50:22   5116     29190  33"x20"             086.6824  +00.0521      AFUENTE       PDR02   
    7     2.250  68901104  CAM01    5.05    8.35  NGC2068                         1997-10-05T03:53:14   2694     28914  18'x26'             086.6533  +00.0790      LNORDH        SURVEY_2
    8     2.250  68901123  CAM01   11.55   17.05  NGC2068                         1997-10-05T06:20:44   2694     28918  18'x26'             086.6533  +00.0790      LNORDH        SURVEY_2
    9     3.127  69802618  SWS02    2.61   35.11  NGC 2068 p6                     1997-10-14T04:24:14   5116     29189  33"x20"             086.7074  +00.0298      AFUENTE       PDR02   
   10     4.252  69803021  SWS02    2.61   35.11  NGC 2068 p7                     1997-10-14T09:18:30   1934     29193  33"x20"             086.7074  +00.0103      AFUENTE       PDR02

External archives :

Data at NED - NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database : Messier 78

Link by name to the catalogue in VizieR :

NGC 2068

Search by coordinates in Vizier (radius: 5 arcsec)

Annotations :
Annotations allow a user to add a note or report an error concerning the astronomical object and its data. It requires registration to post a note. See description .
Please, have a look at Best practices. The list of all annotations to SIMBAD objects can be found here .

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2023.03.30-04:35:39

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