SIMBAD references

We use numerical N-body simulations of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) to investigate the destruction of protoplanetary discs by close stellar encounters and UV radiation from massive stars. The simulations model a cluster of 4000 stars and we consider separately cases in which the discs have fixed radii of 100 and 10au. In the former case, depending on a star's position and orbit in the cluster over 10⁷yr, UV photoevaporation removes at least 0.01M_☉ from its disc, and can remove up to 1M_☉. We find no dynamical models of the ONC consistent with the suggestion of Störzer and Hollenbach that the observed distribution and abundance of proplyds could be explained by a population of stars on radial orbits that spend relatively little time near Θ¹C Ori (the most massive star in the ONC). Instead, the observations require either massive discs (e.g. a typical initial disc mass of 0.4M_☉) or a very recent birth for Θ¹C Ori. When we consider the photoevaporation of the inner 10au of discs in the ONC, we find that planet formation would be hardly affected. Outside that region, planets would be prevented from forming in about half the systems, unless either the initial disc masses were very high (e.g. 0.4M_☉) or they formed quickly (in less than ∼2Myr) and Θ¹C Ori has only very recently appeared.

We also present statistics on the distribution of minimum stellar encounter separations. This peaks at 1000au, with only about 4 per cent of stars having had an encounter closer than 100au at the cluster's present age, and less than 10 per cent after 10⁷yr. We conclude that stellar encounters are unlikely to play a significant role in destroying protoplanetary discs. In the absence of any disruption mechanism other than those considered here, we would thus predict planetary systems like our own to be common amongst stars forming in ONC-like environments.

Also, although almost all stars will have experienced an encounter at the radius of the Oort cloud in our own system, this only places a firm constraint on the possible birthplace of the Sun if the Oort cloud formed in situ, rather than through the secular ejection of matter from the planetary zone.