SIMBAD references

Limb darkening and the projection factor are currently two limiting aspects of the interferometric Baade-Wesselink method of Cepheid distance determination. We first quantify the impact of the phase dependence of limb darkening on the derived distance. We then study a new way to probe the dynamical structure of Cepheid's atmosphere through spectro-interferometric observations. A hydrodynamical model of δ Cep is used to derive stellar disk intensity distribution in the continuum and in different spectral lines, together with the corresponding wavelength- and phase-dependent visibility curves. We find that considering a constant limb darkening in the visible leads to a systematic shift of about 0.02 in phase on the angular diameter curve. The derived distance is, however, not affected by this effect. Otherwise, for a spectroscopic resolution of R=12000 in the visible, we find in the most favourable case (maximum contraction velocity) a signature on the visibility curve of about 7% that is clearly detectable by current spectro-interferometers. Nevertheless, the projection factor has only a 1% (or less) effect on the visibility curve. The spectro-interferometry provides a new geometric view of Cepheid's atmosphere. However, the combination of different techniques (high resolution spectroscopy, spectro- and differential-interferometry) are now needed to efficiently constrain the physical parameters of Cepheids' atmosphere and, in particular the projection factor.