2006MNRAS.373..484K

Query : 2006MNRAS.373..484K

2006MNRAS.373..484K - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 373, 484-502 (2006/December-1)

The donor stars of cataclysmic variables.

KNIGGE C.

Abstract (from CDS):

We carefully consider observational and theoretical constraints on the global properties of secondary stars in cataclysmic variable stars (CVs). We then use these constraints to construct and test a complete, semi-empirical donor sequence for CVs with orbital periods Porb≤ 6 h. All key physical and photometric parameters of CV secondaries (along with their spectral types) are given as a function of Porbalong this sequence. This provides a benchmark for observational and theoretical studies of CV donors and evolution.

The main observational basis for our donor sequence is an empirical mass-radius relationship for CV secondaries. Patterson and co-workers have recently shown that this can be derived from superhumping and/or eclipsing CVs. We independently revisit all of the key steps in this derivation, including the calibration of the period excess-mass ratio relation for superhumpers and the use of a single representative primary mass for most CVs. We also present an optimal technique for estimating the parameters of the mass-radius relation that simultaneously ensures consistency with the observed locations of the period gap and the period minimum. We present new determinations of these periods, finding Pgap,+= 3.18±0.04 h (upper edge), Pgap,–= 2.15±0.03 h (lower edge) and Pmin = 76.2±1.0 min (period minimum).

We test the donor sequence by comparing observed and predicted spectral types (SpTs) as a function of orbital period. To this end, we update the SpT compilation of Beuermann and co-workers and show explicitly that CV donors have later SpTs than main-sequence (MS) stars at all orbital periods. This extends the conclusion of the earlier study to the short-period regime (Porb< 3 h). We then compare our donor sequence to the CV data, and find that it does an excellent job of matching the observed SpTs. Thus the empirical mass-radius relation yields just the right amount of radius expansion to account for the later-than-MS spectral types of CV donors. There is remarkably little intrinsic scatter in both the mass-radius and SpT-Porbrelations, which confirms that most CVs follow a unique evolution track.

The donor sequence exhibits a fairly sharp drop in temperature, luminosity and optical/infrared flux well before the minimum period. This may help to explain why the detection of brown dwarf secondaries in CVs has proven to be extremely difficult.

We finally apply the donor sequence to the problem of distance estimation. Based on a sample of 22 CVs with trigonometric parallaxes and reliable 2MASS data, we show that the donor sequence correctly traces the upper envelope of the observed MJHK-Porbdistribution. Thus robust lower limits on distances can be obtained from single-epoch infrared observations. However, for our sample, these limits are typically about a factor of 2 below the true distances.


Abstract Copyright: 2006 The Author. Journal compilation © 2006 RAS

Journal keyword(s): accretion, accretion disks - stars: distances - stars: fundamental parameters - novae, cataclysmic variables

Errata: erratum vol. 382, p. 1982 (2007)

Simbad objects: 180

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Number of rows : 180
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 V* V592 Cas CV* 00 20 52.2230598456 +55 42 16.235113356 12.07 12.86 12.79     OB 104 0
2 V* CM Phe CV* 00 21 33.1733628456 -51 42 34.646175540   15.3       ~ 22 1
3 V* FL Psc CV* 00 25 11.1124543656 +12 17 12.384853512   16.6 16.78     ~ 59 0
4 V* PX And CV* 00 30 05.8083597744 +26 17 26.437695936   15.38 14.88 14.69   ~ 117 0
5 V* LL And CV* 00 41 51.4929791640 +26 37 21.043803756           ~ 65 0
6 V* GX Cas CV* 00 49 01.5023646216 +56 52 43.590068220           ~ 37 0
7 * eta Cas PM* 00 49 06.2945942922 +57 48 54.638239716 4.04 4.02 3.44 2.94 2.58 F9V 637 0
8 V* V452 Cas CV* 00 52 18.0064110240 +53 51 50.145348528           ~ 29 0
9 V* RX And CV* 01 04 35.5379487744 +41 17 57.784196472   13.713 13.429 11.788   ~ 312 0
10 V* HT Cas CV* 01 10 13.1213394144 +60 04 35.489642700     14.10     M5.5e 388 0
11 V* FO And CV* 01 15 32.1563820432 +37 37 35.565432888           ~ 57 0
12 V* WX Cet CV* 01 17 04.1794193856 -17 56 22.414606224           ~ 169 0
13 V* TY Psc CV* 01 25 39.3569919912 +32 23 08.895723252           ~ 114 0
14 V* GZ Cet CV* 01 37 01.0693101024 -09 12 34.719127956     18.52     ~ 37 0
15 V* KT Per CV* 01 37 08.7946635024 +50 57 20.398380408           M3.5e 125 0
16 V* AI Tri CV* 02 03 48.6151979976 +29 59 25.897508700           M2.5 45 1
17 V* TT Ari CV* 02 06 53.0797508832 +15 17 41.851038804   10.73 10.20     Bep: 441 0
18 V* WX Hyi CV* 02 09 50.8241651856 -63 18 39.831098040   10.70     13.038 ~ 201 0
19 V* UV Per CV* 02 10 08.2720508904 +57 11 20.863265892           ~ 114 0
20 V* RW Tri CV* 02 25 36.1556820000 +28 05 50.891220600   13.50 12.50     M0V 311 0
21 V* XY Ari CV* 02 56 08.19048 +19 26 34.1844           ~ 157 1
22 V* EF Eri CV* 03 14 13.2526234800 -22 35 42.900077688   15.4 14.53 13.5   ~ 433 0
23 V* VY For CV* 03 32 04.6053469152 -25 56 55.063844916   17.5       M4.5V: 37 0
24 V* AF Cam CV* 03 32 15.4983960264 +58 47 22.148326104     13.40     ~ 49 0
25 V* UZ For CV* 03 35 28.6518733656 -25 44 21.768755424           M4.5 267 0
26 V* VW Hyi CV* 04 09 11.3967378648 -71 17 41.554528260   12.786 12.543 14.160   ?+L0:e 646 0
27 V* XZ Eri CV* 04 11 25.7623081800 -15 23 23.764734528           ~ 55 0
28 V* AH Eri CV* 04 22 38.1232676064 -13 21 30.442001760           ~ 58 0
29 V* TU Men CV* 04 41 40.7061732720 -76 36 45.942303384         14.057 ~ 154 0
30 V* V1208 Tau CV* 04 59 44.0374368264 +19 26 22.807583880           ~ 23 0
31 V* AQ Eri CV* 05 06 13.1058945528 -04 08 07.253107476           ~ 83 0
32 V* V1309 Ori CV* 05 15 41.4123253872 +01 04 40.481073984           M0.5 108 0
33 V* QZ Aur No* 05 28 34.0779417792 +33 18 21.778535592           ~ 61 0
34 V* V1159 Ori CV* 05 28 59.5676204544 -03 33 52.282939068   14.321 14.203 15.317   ~ 144 0
35 V* TV Col CV* 05 29 25.5292422792 -32 49 03.900212364   14.219 13.846 14.181   K2V 338 0
36 V* BB Dor CV* 05 29 28.5849988224 -58 54 46.184462928 13.68 15.57 15.52 14.83   ~ 48 0
37 V* UW Pic CV* 05 31 35.6477519256 -46 24 04.962759156           ~ 46 0
38 V* V363 Aur CV* 05 33 33.4591265880 +36 59 32.475580692     14.2     K0V 101 0
39 V* CN Ori CV* 05 52 07.7842206216 -05 25 00.543695772           ~ 175 0
40 V* V347 Pup CV* 06 10 33.6583947384 -48 44 25.363374036   13.95 13.57 13.24 12.79 M0.5V 96 0
41 V* AH Men CV* 06 11 44.605776 -81 49 23.29824 12.62 13.326 13.010 13.211   ~ 79 0
42 V* SS Aur CV* 06 13 22.4340408984 +47 44 25.345431780   16.06 15.81     sdBe 261 0
43 V* CZ Ori CV* 06 16 43.2247568736 +15 24 11.297210616   12.81 12.81 16.17   OB- 96 0
44 V* PU CMa CV* 06 40 47.6858659440 -24 23 13.892650404           ~ 34 0
45 V* BT Mon No* 06 43 47.2416090432 -02 01 13.876883184   15.737 14.638 15.411   G8V 174 0
46 V* IR Gem CV* 06 47 34.6827027456 +28 06 22.332682152           ~ 140 0
47 V* V348 Pup CV* 07 12 32.9097229704 -36 05 38.582602080   15.82 15.72 16.00 15.06 B0V 89 0
48 V* HS Cam CV* 07 19 14.5154497992 +65 57 44.306885988   19.01       ~ 29 0
49 V* AW Gem CV* 07 22 40.8179349903 +28 30 16.546944217           ~ 48 0
50 V* UY Pup CV* 07 46 31.2402238920 -12 57 08.997056712         15.09 K2/6+? 36 0
51 V* BV Pup CV* 07 49 05.2533624216 -23 34 00.396724440           ~ 63 0
52 V* U Gem CV* 07 55 05.2323858391 +22 00 05.045435077   15.3 14.54     DA 1101 0
53 V* Z Cha CV* 08 07 27.7517751528 -76 32 00.665029356           M5.5 605 1
54 V* YZ Cnc CV* 08 10 56.6511822192 +28 08 33.260657100     15.24     ~ 247 0
55 V* CP Pup No* 08 11 46.0634106720 -35 21 04.986480708   15.436 15.227     ~ 264 1
56 V* SU UMa CV* 08 12 28.2695986944 +62 36 22.427676396           B2 498 0
57 V* FH Lyn CV* 08 13 21.9187599576 +45 28 09.275565864           K5.5 25 0
58 V* VV Pup CV* 08 15 06.8009599464 -19 03 17.765706024     13.90     M7V 398 0
59 V* IX Vel CV* 08 15 18.9688659456 -49 13 20.671780368 8.64 10.04 10.10 9.84 9.347 sdOBe 240 0
60 PG 0818+513 CV* 08 22 36.0475955184 +51 05 24.558779364   15.73       ~ 116 0
61 V* Z Cam CV* 08 25 13.1986690656 +73 06 39.284964108   12.006 11.927 11.712   ~ 525 0
62 V* AT Cnc CV* 08 28 36.9270732360 +25 20 03.045311628   14.798 14.583 13.690   DAe: 112 0
63 V* CC Cnc CV* 08 36 19.1533707432 +21 21 05.426956908           ~ 56 0
64 V* SW UMa CV* 08 36 42.7492998204 +53 28 37.976599017           ~ 307 0
65 SDSS J083751.00+383012.5 CV* 08 37 51.0093306984 +38 30 12.591499788           D+M 20 0
66 V* RX Vol CV* 08 39 32.06 -66 17 39.5           ~ 18 0
67 V* EG Cnc CV* 08 43 03.9863206560 +27 51 49.693595508           DAe 180 0
68 V* AC Cnc CV* 08 44 27.1121665272 +12 52 31.995783264   13.80 14.15     K1-3V 140 0
69 V* BZ UMa CV* 08 53 44.1735972456 +57 48 40.593710304   15.95 17.58 14.98 15.38 M5.5:Ve 156 0
70 V* AK Cnc CV* 08 55 21.1855841064 +11 18 15.072556860           B8III 64 0
71 V* CU Vel CV* 08 58 33.0342318672 -41 47 51.733120236           ~ 105 0
72 V* VZ Pyx CV* 08 59 19.8388698120 -24 28 55.257493908     14.08     ~ 63 0
73 V* GY Cnc CV* 09 09 50.5407550968 +18 49 47.429496300           ~ 79 0
74 V* DI UMa CV* 09 12 16.1933315112 +50 53 53.956934520           ~ 86 0
75 PG 0911-066 CV* 09 14 14.0293028112 -06 47 44.773184220   17.6   19.1   ~ 41 0
76 V* BK Lyn CV* 09 20 11.2020621696 +33 56 42.356468364   13.97 13.99 14.72   ~ 118 1
77 V* AR Cnc CV* 09 22 07.5642125808 +31 03 14.421901608           ~ 35 0
78 V* HU Leo CV* 09 24 44.4793066992 +08 01 51.003559416           M0 18 0
79 V* MN Hya CV* 09 29 07.0308334337 -24 05 05.423730671           ~ 41 0
80 RX J0944.5+0357 CV* 09 44 31.6813494432 +03 58 05.300563116   17.525 17.019 15.574   M2V 36 0
81 V* DV UMa CV* 09 46 36.5964360384 +44 46 44.683031784   19.0       DA:+M 124 0
82 V* ER UMa CV* 09 47 11.9410111200 +51 54 08.950092804 14.351 14.03 13.91 14.909 14.629 ~ 151 0
83 V* OY Car CV* 10 06 22.0793274312 -70 14 04.584660540           ~ 569 0
84 V* CH UMa CV* 10 07 00.7217843640 +67 32 47.506618176   15.97       ~ 110 0
85 V* KS UMa CV* 10 20 26.5185297792 +53 04 33.089641968   17.0       ~ 68 0
86 V* WX LMi CV* 10 26 27.4933431861 +38 45 02.655728034   18   16.77   M7 52 0
87 V* DW UMa CV* 10 33 52.8751411128 +58 46 54.717259044   14.33   14.33 14.35 ~ 237 0
88 V* IY UMa CV* 10 43 56.7487980888 +58 07 31.920814488   17.52 16.61 17.62 17.60 ~ 113 0
89 V* SX LMi CV* 10 54 30.4187071632 +30 06 10.358155512   16.9   15.6   ~ 75 0
90 V* CY UMa CV* 10 56 56.9964835104 +49 41 18.201049512   17.0       ~ 104 1
91 V* V392 Hya CV* 10 58 56.4235808976 -29 14 40.763567580   16.38       ~ 19 0
92 V* TU Crt CV* 11 03 36.5725455912 -21 37 45.658609680           ~ 30 0
93 V* ST LMi CV* 11 05 39.7664319408 +25 06 28.746723096   16.832 16.524 15.639   DAH+M 219 0
94 V* V436 Cen CV* 11 14 00.0568720872 -37 40 47.763655572           ~ 145 0
95 V* AR UMa CV* 11 15 44.5891034908 +42 58 22.431026739     16.4     O9I 142 0
96 V* KV UMa HXB 11 18 10.7930420496 +48 02 12.314730120     12.25     K5V-M1V 822 0
97 V* V442 Cen CV* 11 24 51.9051069168 -35 54 36.729015624           ~ 53 0
98 V* MR UMa CV* 11 31 22.3979617152 +43 22 38.474604624           ~ 40 1
99 V* TT Crt CV* 11 34 47.1765755496 -11 45 30.370189860   16.598 16.029 15.945   ~ 50 0
100 V* RZ Leo CV* 11 37 22.2524330304 +01 48 58.617459936     19.6     DA+dM2 162 0
101 V* QZ Vir CV* 11 38 26.8241432424 +03 22 07.110298596     15.81     ~ 255 1
102 V* DO Dra CV* 11 43 38.4921265896 +71 41 20.559036192       13.747   DQ 219 1
103 V* TW Vir CV* 11 45 21.1711886016 -04 26 05.777690964   17.38   15.03   M2 143 0
104 V* BC UMa CV* 11 52 15.8342499696 +49 14 41.887768632           ~ 108 0
105 V* V1040 Cen CV* 11 55 27.2600164728 -56 41 56.294089440           ~ 31 0
106 V* V359 Cen CV* 11 58 15.3250465728 -41 46 08.547000168           ~ 30 0
107 V* TV Crv CV* 12 20 24.1673170512 -18 27 02.150567388           ~ 57 0
108 V* AL Com CV* 12 32 25.7951754648 +14 20 42.292188276     16.2     ~ 245 0
109 V* EX Hya CV* 12 52 24.2222471899 -29 14 55.999766523   13.51 13.49 13.55   M5-6V 694 0
110 V* V1043 Cen CV* 13 13 17.1147127536 -32 59 12.443490960           ~ 37 0
111 V* HV Vir CV* 13 21 03.1661521320 +01 53 29.075499492           DA 155 0
112 V* HS Vir CV* 13 43 38.4377401320 -08 14 03.882750324           ~ 59 0
113 * mu. Cen Be* 13 49 36.9886872492 -42 28 25.440271450 2.37 3.27 3.43 3.41 3.50 B2Vnpe 434 0
114 V* V834 Cen CV* 14 09 07.2863511816 -45 17 16.023776676   16.0   15.301   M6.5 318 0
115 GD 165B BD* 14 24 39.09480 +09 17 10.4352         20.53 L4V 205 0
116 V* GY Hya CV* 14 30 30.4713679704 -25 52 37.987029660           K4 20 0
117 V* OU Vir CV* 14 35 00.2216793576 -00 46 06.269754864   18.5       M2: 51 0
118 V* KV Dra CV* 14 50 38.3283335160 +64 03 29.003633136           B1 35 0
119 V* NY Ser CV* 15 13 02.2954585632 +23 15 08.407860084   15.648 15.699     ~ 72 0
120 V* EK TrA CV* 15 14 01.3761801610 -65 05 32.305864520           ~ 126 0
121 V* GW Lib No* 15 19 55.3333785336 -25 00 24.614534520           ~ 211 0
122 V* QW Ser CV* 15 26 13.9668843408 +08 18 02.490457464           DA:H: 44 0
123 V* BR Lup CV* 15 35 53.1481874160 -40 34 06.076666416           ~ 49 0
124 V* NY Lup XB* 15 48 14.5961462732 -45 28 39.918849218       14.544   K0/3Ve 102 0
125 V* SS UMi CV* 15 51 22.3401322752 +71 45 11.834778240           ~ 73 0
126 PG 1550+191 CV* 15 52 47.1968971224 +18 56 28.844471472   16.4 15.46 17.0   M6.5Ve 189 0
127 V* MQ Dra CV* 15 53 31.1198078328 +55 16 14.475178272     17.35     M5Ve 46 0
128 V* AP CrB CV* 15 54 12.3454476576 +27 21 52.290975024     16.87 16.5   M3 44 0
129 V* QZ Ser CV* 15 56 54.4738717848 +21 07 19.083494676           ?+K4Ve 55 0
130 V* V893 Sco CV* 16 15 14.9804783976 -28 37 32.113386876           ~ 85 0
131 V* V844 Her CV* 16 25 01.7475368040 +39 09 26.359853904       16.2   ~ 64 0
132 V* V699 Oph CV* 16 25 14.7840464424 -04 40 25.842243828           ~ 30 0
133 V* AH Her CV* 16 44 10.0057431264 +25 15 01.942541352   12.44 12.71     K7V 236 0
134 V* V1239 Her CV* 17 02 13.2462561912 +32 29 54.159948960           M1.5e 49 0
135 V* V2051 Oph CV* 17 08 19.0873634976 -25 48 31.704262776   17.5       ~ 243 0
136 V* V795 Her CV* 17 12 56.1689188488 +33 31 19.240640724   12.53 12.64 12.69   ~ 183 0
137 V* RY Ser CV* 17 23 07.1837977344 -12 48 09.736673544           ~ 23 0
138 SDSS J173008.38+624754.7 CV* 17 30 08.3649113616 +62 47 54.672365112   15.3 15.91     ~ 32 0
139 V* AT Ara CV* 17 30 33.8219416224 -46 05 58.773466356   15.156 14.045 14.719   K2+ 39 0
140 V* V728 CrA CV* 17 59 16.5030343368 -42 35 06.685689300           ~ 15 1
141 V* V2301 Oph CV* 18 00 35.5317201576 +08 10 13.920836628           ~ 100 0
142 V* EX Dra CV* 18 04 14.2486747659 +67 54 12.271788519   14.5 14.7     ~ 126 0
143 V* DQ Her CV* 18 07 30.2510391864 +45 51 32.564791872   14.605 14.443 14.800   M3+Ve 1012 1
144 V* V426 Oph CV* 18 07 51.6919772928 +05 51 47.804055084           ~ 170 0
145 V* V533 Her No* 18 14 20.4844831200 +41 51 22.069747872           ~ 255 0
146 V* AM Her CV* 18 16 13.2546541781 +49 52 04.759861155   15.124 14.808 13.525   M4.5-5Ve 964 0
147 V* LL Lyr CV* 18 35 12.8190610224 +38 20 04.346234988           ~ 27 0
148 V* V1108 Her CV* 18 39 26.1636654083 +26 04 09.772264665     12.0     ~ 31 1
149 V* V603 Aql No* 18 48 54.6369872232 +00 35 02.857106184 10.73 12.106 12.087 11.986   OB+e: 547 0
150 V* CY Lyr CV* 18 52 41.3790647256 +26 45 31.443001704     13.20     ~ 60 0
151 V* V1223 Sgr CV* 18 55 02.3108012664 -31 09 49.584656268           ~ 333 0
152 V* DM Lyr CV* 18 58 44.4381051744 +30 15 33.389060383           ~ 34 0
153 V* MV Lyr CV* 19 07 16.2886463256 +44 01 07.869892008   13.040 12.920 12.489 12.578 M5Ve 286 0
154 V* WY Sge CV* 19 32 43.8695242507 +17 44 54.514771236           ~ 87 0
155 V* QS Tel CV* 19 38 35.8144163880 -46 12 57.106344420           ~ 115 0
156 V* EM Cyg CV* 19 38 40.1068970904 +30 30 28.332591012     11.90     ~ 253 0
157 V* V1432 Aql CV* 19 40 11.4199326288 -10 25 25.771706256     14.40 15.437   ~ 169 0
158 CD-42 14462 CV* 19 47 40.5290567472 -42 00 26.395115580 9.65 10.362 10.308 10.520   sdB 231 0
159 V* V2690 Cyg CV* 19 51 47.4966319272 +37 16 47.763588648   15.50       K7.5 13 0
160 V* UU Aql CV* 19 57 18.7656631920 -09 19 21.064632708           K7-M0V 93 0
161 V* RZ Sge CV* 20 03 18.47616 +17 02 51.9432   17.6   17.2   ~ 89 0
162 V* QQ Vul CV* 20 05 41.9090048400 +22 39 58.839854760   14.688 14.656 14.584   M2 199 0
163 V* WZ Sge CV* 20 07 36.5037622512 +17 42 14.733254952   15.30 15.20     DAepv 947 0
164 V* EZ Del CV* 20 25 22.8997111443 +15 45 57.298052370           ~ 16 0
165 V* V503 Cyg CV* 20 27 17.3992939944 +43 41 22.504607556           ~ 134 0
166 V* KK Tel CV* 20 28 38.5099147224 -52 18 45.184064220   19.0   19.1   ~ 45 0
167 V* V1974 Cyg No* 20 30 31.6546001712 +52 37 50.837478240           ~ 579 0
168 V* HO Del CV* 20 36 55.4812015512 +14 03 09.406220472           ~ 33 0
169 V* AE Aqr CV* 20 40 09.1598959176 -00 52 15.055595220   12.46 10.40   10.191 K3-5IV/V 668 0
170 SDSS J204827.91+005008.9 CV* 20 48 27.9160698672 +00 50 08.957106240   19.45 19.04     M3+D 26 0
171 V* AO Oct CV* 21 05 08.1778533822 -75 21 03.305008201           ~ 28 0
172 V* HU Aqr CV* 21 07 58.1944529400 -05 17 40.557671916   16.198 15.814 14.891   D+M4V 274 1
173 V* VY Aqr CV* 21 12 09.2515505688 -08 49 36.779664432           ~ 222 0
174 V* SS Cyg CV* 21 42 42.8034497592 +43 35 09.867842484 11.07 12.651 12.032 9.326   K5V 1290 1
175 V* UU Aqr CV* 22 09 05.7613016472 -03 46 17.688853416   13.998 13.919 13.735   ~ 138 0
176 V* RU Peg CV* 22 14 02.5505986656 +12 42 11.278107972     12     sdBe+G8IV:n 305 0
177 V* TY PsA CV* 22 49 39.9054462120 -27 06 53.126335980   15.61 15.67 16.19   DA 100 0
178 V* IP Peg CV* 23 23 08.5362249504 +18 24 59.206884012           M2 381 0
179 V* DX And CV* 23 29 46.6838648136 +43 45 04.034136924           ~ 99 0
180 V* EI Psc CV* 23 29 54.2146447848 +06 28 11.596023228   16.86 16.22     ~ 129 0

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