SIMBAD references

Nuclear starbursts may contribute to the obscuration of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The predicted star formation rates (SFRs) are modest, and, for the obscured AGNs that form the X-ray background at z < 1, the associated faint radio emission lies just beyond the sensitivity limits of the deepest surveys. Here, we search for this level of star formation by studying a sample of 359 X-ray-selected AGNs at z < 1 from the Cosmic Evolution Survey field that are not detected by current radio surveys. The AGNs are separated into bins based on redshift, X-ray luminosity, obscuration, and mid-infrared characteristics. An estimate of the AGN contribution to the radio flux density is subtracted from each radio image, and the images are then stacked to uncover any residual faint radio flux density. All of the bins containing 24 µm detected AGNs are detected with a signal-to-noise >3σ in the stacked radio images. In contrast, AGNs not detected at 24 µm are not detected in the resulting stacked radio images. This result provides strong evidence that the stacked radio signals are likely associated with star formation. The estimated SFRs derived from the radio stacks range from 3 M_☉/yr to 29 M_☉/yr. Although it is not possible to associate the radio emission with a specific region of the host galaxies, these results are consistent with the predictions of nuclear starburst disks in AGN host galaxies.