2012MNRAS.420..878K

Query : 2012MNRAS.420..878K

2012MNRAS.420..878K - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 420, 878-900 (2012/February-2)

The galaxy zoo survey for giant AGN-ionized clouds: past and present black hole accretion events.

KEEL W.C., CHOJNOWSKI S.D., BENNERT V.N., SCHAWINSKI K., LINTOTT C.J., LYNN S., PANCOAST A., HARRIS C., NIERENBERG A.M., SONNENFELD A. and PROCTOR R.

Abstract (from CDS):

Some active galactic nuclei (AGN) are surrounded by extended emission-line regions (EELRs), which trace both the illumination pattern of escaping radiation and its history over the light travel time from the AGN to the gas. From a new set of such EELRs, we present evidence that the AGN in many Seyfert galaxies undergo luminous episodes 0.2-2 x105 years in duration. Motivated by the discovery of the spectacular nebula known as Hanny's Voorwerp, ionized by a powerful AGN which has apparently faded dramatically within ≈105 years, Galaxy Zoo volunteers have carried out both targeted and serendipitous searches for similar emission-line clouds around low-redshift galaxies. We present the resulting list of candidates and describe spectroscopy identifying 19 galaxies with AGN-ionized regions at projected radii rproj > 10 kpc. This search recovered known EELRs (such as Mrk 78, Mrk 266 and NGC 5252) and identified additional previously unknown cases, one with detected emission to r = 37 kpc. One new Sy 2 was identified. At least 14/19 are in interacting or merging systems, suggesting that tidal tails are a prime source of distant gas out of the galaxy plane to be ionized by an AGN. We see a mix of one- and two-sided structures, with observed cone angles from 23° to 112°. We consider the energy balance in the ionized clouds, with lower and upper bounds on ionizing luminosity from recombination and ionization-parameter arguments, and estimate the luminosity of the core from the far-infrared data. The implied ratio of ionizing radiation seen by the clouds to that emitted by the nucleus, on the assumption of a non-variable nuclear source, ranges from 0.02 to 12; 7/19 exceed unity. Small values fit well with a heavily obscured AGN in which only a small fraction of the ionizing output escapes to be traced by surrounding gas. However, large values may require that the AGN has faded over tens of thousands of years, giving us several examples of systems in which such dramatic long-period variation has occurred; this is the only current technique for addressing these time-scales in AGN history. The relative numbers of faded and non-faded objects we infer, and the projected extents of the ionized regions, give our estimate (0.2-2 x105 years) for the length of individual bright phases.

Abstract Copyright: 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society2011 RAS

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - galaxies: ISM - galaxies: Seyfert

Nomenclature: NAME Teacup AGN N=1.

Simbad objects: 169

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Number of rows : 169
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 2MASX J00350746+0045019 G 00 35 07.4481270528 +00 45 02.203988400           ~ 3 0
2 SDSS J004527.06+004237.7 Sy1 00 45 27.0609943152 +00 42 37.672719192   17.62 16.97     ~ 13 0
3 [VV98] J005607.8+254802 QSO 00 56 07.6762112664 +25 48 04.730037768     14.90     ~ 17 0
4 2MASX J01283988+1445536 Sy2 01 28 39.8744255880 +14 45 53.736125616   18.44 17.78     ~ 25 0
5 [VV2006c] J013037.8+131252 Sy2 01 30 37.7661083328 +13 12 52.094729844   19.59 18.76     ~ 10 0
6 2MASX J01303858+1312458 rG 01 30 38.5959921744 +13 12 46.229968260   15.6       ~ 8 0
7 RX J0142.6+0005 Sy1 01 42 38.4709992024 +00 05 14.763316128   18.60 18.27     ~ 23 0
8 2MFGC 1336 Sy1 01 46 44.8288983240 -00 40 43.132280124   17.71 17.44 12.6   ~ 69 0
9 2MASX J03052700+0051456 Sy1 03 05 27.003 +00 51 45.64   20.13 19.52     ~ 6 0
10 PB 7009 Sy1 03 06 39.5824276346 +00 03 43.161393991   18.00 17.54     ~ 75 0
11 NGC 1346 Sy1 03 30 13.2634890840 -05 32 35.991525660   17.06 16.39 12.58   ~ 57 1
12 2MASX J04054878-0619253 Sy1 04 05 48.7844322672 -06 19 25.777560900   19.05 18.37     ~ 15 0
13 Mrk 78 Sy2 07 42 41.7033384240 +65 10 37.447730076   15.57 14.58     ~ 363 2
14 LEDA 1399996 Sy1 07 59 10.4435446032 +11 51 56.797424604   17.57 17.25     ~ 21 0
15 LEDA 139051 Sy1 08 04 52.7356328496 +21 20 50.213431896   17.19 16.99     ~ 39 0
16 2MASS J08203478+1531114 Sy1 08 20 34.7898508296 +15 31 11.299295640   19.73 18.92     ~ 8 0
17 2MASX J08234231+4827540 Sy2 08 23 42.3802702128 +48 27 54.529745436   18.83 18.20     ~ 9 0
18 LEDA 1391118 G 08 26 42.6290597448 +11 15 55.502934912           ~ 4 0
19 2MASS J08352550+1049255 Sy1 08 35 25.5121517400 +10 49 25.669914492   18.37 17.91     ~ 9 0
20 2MASX J08381838+3334413 LIN 08 38 18.387 +33 34 41.37   15.6       ~ 15 0
21 Z 150-14 Sy2 08 40 02.336 +29 49 02.73   20.00 19.62     ~ 192 1
22 SDSS J084344.98+354942.0 Sy2 08 43 44.9739924504 +35 49 42.113462340   17.93 17.55     ~ 48 0
23 SDSS J084518.51+142034.1 Sy1 08 45 18.5124491064 +14 20 34.083804876           ~ 24 0
24 SDSS J084809.59+351530.3 * 08 48 09.5840354183 +35 15 30.439468352           ~ 1 0
25 Z 180-9 Sy2 08 48 09.7 +35 15 32   15.7       ~ 18 1
26 SDSS J084809.69+351532.1 AGN 08 48 09.6871241704 +35 15 32.112330200           ~ 3 0
27 LEDA 2437136 Sy1 08 49 17.3253055176 +53 17 55.735519704   18.46 18.03     ~ 26 1
28 SDSS J085625.93+021310.5 G 08 56 25.9338846288 +02 13 10.489771416           ~ 5 0
29 SDSS J085729.85+064210.6 ? 08 57 29.850 +06 42 10.68           ~ 1 0
30 LEDA 165519 Sy1 08 58 13.8441733224 +38 56 31.324112124           ~ 18 0
31 SDSS J085837.52+182221.5 AGN 08 58 37.5258679104 +18 22 21.088471440           ~ 6 0
32 IRAS 09026+3759 rG 09 05 47.3624209896 +37 47 38.232155976   16.48       ~ 13 0
33 UGC 4803 LIN 09 09 58.0796226744 +62 14 50.620848720   14.0       ~ 32 0
34 Z 121-32 GiC 09 10 11.3532032256 +23 07 17.949764172   15.7       ~ 13 0
35 Z 151-47 Sy2 09 17 08.2231320884 +29 22 16.417856517   15.7 15.20 14.668   ~ 19 0
36 2MASS J09303304+0344436 Sy1 09 30 33.0567081504 +03 44 43.601716392   16.64 16.12     ~ 13 0
37 SDSS J094103.80+344334.1 G 09 41 03.80160 +34 43 34.1148           ~ 81 0
38 IC 2497 rG 09 41 04.1049384864 +34 43 58.172413980           ~ 71 0
39 LEDA 1145159 AGN 09 45 29.6381549208 -00 21 54.713911752           ~ 7 0
40 NVSS J095559+395445 rG 09 55 59.868 +39 54 47.26           ~ 9 0
41 2MASX J10050792+2830384 Sy2 10 05 07.8812517432 +28 30 38.488932072           ~ 8 0
42 2MASX J10052958+2758444 Sy2 10 05 29.6051788896 +27 58 44.260394520           ~ 8 0
43 2MASX J10112826+2606556 LIN 10 11 28.2611148768 +26 06 55.414438848           ~ 13 0
44 LEDA 3095930 Sy1 10 16 45.1137812808 +42 10 25.528810008   16.63 16.39     ~ 39 0
45 2MASX J10201616+5247569 Sy2 10 20 16.2146310936 +52 47 56.887287900           ~ 6 0
46 LEDA 30272 G 10 21 08.5943686488 +02 40 58.486944648   17.8       ~ 8 0
47 2MASX J10373417+1401208 Sy2 10 37 34.2216820704 +14 01 20.649002304   19.20 18.57     ~ 14 0
48 NGC 3341 AGN 10 42 31.480 +05 02 38.21   14.9       ~ 48 0
49 NAME NGC 3341B AGN 10 42 32.0616594960 +05 02 41.900814204           ~ 10 1
50 SDSS J104326.47+110524.2 Sy1 10 43 26.4782266656 +11 05 24.260745120   17.18 17.01     ~ 52 0
51 NGC 3372 HII 10 45 02.23 -59 41 59.8           ~ 1014 2
52 LEDA 2194703 G 10 45 15.2956001880 +42 13 31.699599384           ~ 3 0
53 LEDA 83434 Sy1 11 01 57.9076165608 +10 17 39.320428344   17.60 17.11     ~ 40 1
54 Z 38-106 Sy2 11 03 35.4173127144 +03 20 14.824426452   15.0       ~ 20 0
55 UGC 6142 A Sy2 11 04 45.4705145568 +04 17 55.307439348   15.2       ~ 21 0
56 LEDA 2303573 Sy1 11 07 56.5384673208 +47 44 34.780444980   17.13 16.96     ~ 19 0
57 2MASX J11110059-0053347 Sy2 11 11 00.6014607456 -00 53 34.860743484   18.27 17.57 15.578   ~ 19 0
58 NVSS J111112+284243 rG 11 11 13.0419775539 +28 42 42.744633151   14.7       ~ 72 1
59 NGC 3561 LIN 11 11 13.1873 +28 41 46.963   14.7       ~ 193 2
60 IC 2637 Sy1 11 13 49.7498269440 +09 35 10.582251468   14.88 14.17     ~ 139 0
61 2MASX J11165402+5931468 Sy1 11 16 54.024 +59 31 46.87   16.2       ~ 23 0
62 MCG+09-19-072 rG 11 25 34.5865514328 +52 32 46.782605508   15       ~ 17 0
63 LEDA 1900698 G 11 27 53.8679639568 +30 21 38.625484140           ~ 2 0
64 SDSS J112942.51+235014.1 G 11 29 42.513 +23 50 14.16           ~ 2 0
65 Mrk 177 AGN 11 33 23.474 +55 04 20.61   16.0       ~ 35 0
66 SDSS J113323.97+550415.8 Sy1 11 33 23.9777686200 +55 04 15.894140412           ~ 17 1
67 NGC 3758 Sy1 11 36 29.3703820296 +21 35 45.984535728   14.8       ~ 165 0
68 LEDA 36083 Sy1 11 38 49.6022320320 +57 42 43.527436452   18.07 17.75     ~ 41 0
69 2dFGRS TGN446Z188 Sy2 11 41 55.6122871584 +01 05 16.772531928   19.57 18.85 17.354   ~ 9 0
70 2MASX J11445486+1946349 GiG 11 44 54.8372181216 +19 46 34.904680824   15.4   14.14   ~ 81 0
71 LEDA 1613729 GiC 11 45 17.1039954048 +20 01 21.814791456       15.32   ~ 8 0
72 2MASX J11514062+6750415 LIN 11 51 40.620 +67 50 41.59           ~ 9 0
73 NGC 3929 LIN 11 51 42.5232475392 +21 00 09.835619400   14.5       ~ 27 0
74 2dFGRS TGN243Z183 Sy1 11 57 39.0783161112 -02 39 08.364752460   18.39 17.84 17.489   ~ 7 0
75 2MASS J11590691+1010018 Sy1 11 59 06.8986485000 +10 10 01.763221152   18.64 17.95     ~ 9 0
76 Mrk 1310 Sy1 12 01 14.3530384560 -03 40 41.015051940   16.31 15.89 14.780   ~ 193 0
77 SDSS J120150.80+143323.9 G 12 01 50.806 +14 33 23.96           ~ 1 0
78 Mrk 648 Sy1 12 07 19.8086629416 +24 11 55.825441944   17.62 17.29     ~ 31 0
79 2MASS J12093944+6431074 Sy2 12 09 39.4451653224 +64 31 07.649815584           ~ 4 0
80 7C 121146.50+294816.00 Sy1 12 14 17.8142672232 +29 31 43.179858912   16.43 15.33     ~ 93 1
81 2MASX J12141820+2931464 Sy2 12 14 18.2531318472 +29 31 46.697238984   16.43 15.33     ~ 16 0
82 2MASX J12143128+4029030 Sy2 12 14 31.282 +40 29 03.01           ~ 8 0
83 2MASX J12145242+5919534 Sy2 12 14 52.4056064208 +59 19 53.098553424   16.2       ~ 13 0
84 LEDA 1280399 G 12 15 53.083 +05 14 47.87           ~ 2 0
85 UGC 7342 Sy2 12 18 19.3086078744 +29 15 13.037352948   15.97 15.09     ~ 35 0
86 SDSS J122402.56+435814.1 G 12 24 02.5575031440 +43 58 14.085515640           ~ 1 0
87 NGC 4388 Sy2 12 25 46.820 +12 39 43.45 11.91 11.76 11.02     ~ 1340 2
88 SDSS J122802.10+094347.9 G 12 28 02.0997351552 +09 43 47.908593696           ~ 1 0
89 2MASX J12303428+0338003 G 12 30 34.2506128392 +03 38 00.699514080           ~ 5 0
90 2MASS J12303898+4016144 Sy1 12 30 38.9812304208 +40 16 14.441172600           ~ 7 0
91 SDSS J123046.11+103317.4 BiC 12 30 46.119 +10 33 17.40           ~ 3 0
92 LEDA 169472 Sy1 12 31 13.1265488784 +12 03 07.219728108   18.36 17.91     ~ 34 0
93 2MASX J12403673+3650047 GiC 12 40 36.733 +36 50 04.36           ~ 11 0
94 LEDA 86424 Sy2 12 40 46.3873841592 +27 33 53.874932040   16.5       ~ 38 1
95 2MASS J12410366+2735259 Sy1 12 41 03.6693873168 +27 35 26.023164792   19.20 18.79     ~ 7 0
96 2MASX J12432563+3655253 Sy2 12 43 25.6604918880 +36 55 25.393154844           ~ 9 0
97 IC 812 EmG 12 44 50.8526218848 -04 26 04.517976120   14.85   13.82   ~ 13 0
98 2MASS J12450555+1024332 Sy2 12 45 05.5591766424 +10 24 33.259199760           ~ 4 0
99 IC 813 AGN 12 45 11.8401882000 +23 02 09.960896292   14.4       ~ 42 1
100 IC 3929 Sy1 12 57 41.0506246056 +20 23 47.731818768           ~ 15 0
101 LEDA 3090229 Sy1 13 00 07.0661197032 +18 39 14.270049936           ~ 8 0
102 2MASX J13023488+1841222 Sy2 13 02 34.9003583256 +18 41 22.396877844           ~ 5 0
103 Mrk 783 Sy1 13 02 58.773 +16 24 27.59   16.04 15.55     ~ 125 0
104 2MASX J13042219+3615428 Sy2 13 04 22.1915811912 +36 15 43.136373852           ~ 20 0
105 LEDA 1069960 Sy1 13 05 09.9817750800 -03 32 09.326500080   18.10 17.75 16.334   ~ 21 0
106 ATO J198.9798+21.4226 Sy1 13 15 55.1609900400 +21 25 21.493718544   17.88 17.53 14.9   ~ 22 0
107 2MASX J13163979+4452351 Sy2 13 16 39.7455052128 +44 52 35.060629584   17.83 17.45     ~ 45 0
108 LEDA 165615 Sy2 13 19 13.9354077960 +13 20 30.875537184           ~ 12 0
109 LEDA 1118053 Sy1 13 23 40.3136037360 -01 27 49.192506576   17.94 17.49 16.15   ~ 26 0
110 CAIRNS J132540.43+275144.7 GiC 13 25 40.238 +27 51 46.14           ~ 2 0
111 SDSS J133227.20+112910.4 LIN 13 32 27.2102194152 +11 29 10.429240740           ~ 3 0
112 2MASX J13341649+3117095 GiC 13 34 16.4927871168 +31 17 09.134882736   16.124       ~ 8 0
113 Was 75 EmG 13 34 18 +31 17.2   14.9       ~ 3 0
114 IRAS 13349+2438 Sy1 13 37 18.7199358192 +24 23 03.319883484     15.0     ~ 390 0
115 NGC 5252 Sy2 13 38 15.8707724328 +04 32 33.521265600   15.21 14.21     ~ 480 0
116 SDSS J133817.12+481636.0 G 13 38 17.123 +48 16 36.06           ~ 1 0
117 NGC 5256 PaG 13 38 17.81 +48 16 41.2   14.1 13.42     ~ 430 1
118 Mrk 273 Sy2 13 44 42.1781 +55 53 12.819   15.68 14.91     ~ 913 3
119 Mrk 69 Sy1 13 46 08.1034730448 +29 38 10.496729652   16.45 15.93     ~ 73 0
120 2MASX J13463031+2836461 Sy2 13 46 30.3013263264 +28 36 46.228328856           ~ 9 0
121 2MASX J13525567+2528596 Sy1 13 52 55.6768479624 +25 28 59.563889760   17.60 17.28     ~ 12 0
122 Mrk 463 Sy2 13 56 02.9 +18 22 18   14.8 14.22     ~ 390 2
123 Mrk 463E Sy2 13 56 02.886 +18 22 18.84   15.01 14.22     ~ 152 1
124 2MASX J13563572+2321362 AGN 13 56 35.731 +23 21 35.99           ~ 14 0
125 2MASX J13571206-0704327 G 13 57 12.063 -07 04 32.79   16.20   15.32   ~ 5 0
126 2MASS J14003712+6221328 Sy1 14 00 37.1231058168 +62 21 32.790233952   18.05 17.46     ~ 15 0
127 2MASX J14050626+0246183 Sy2 14 05 06.270 +02 46 18.35   18.42 17.78     ~ 9 0
128 2MASX J14105185+4104128 LIN 14 10 51.8218392096 +41 04 12.470432124           ~ 5 0
129 2MASS J14140503+2633367 Sy1 14 14 05.0236607640 +26 33 36.823290624   18.40 17.91     ~ 14 0
130 IRAS 14229+1424 Sy2 14 25 22.2674232408 +14 11 26.509238664   16.4       ~ 14 0
131 2MASX J14292507+4518318 Sy1 14 29 25.0690319664 +45 18 31.935257136   17.68 17.26     ~ 23 1
132 NAME Teacup AGN Sy2 14 30 29.8820644560 +13 39 12.007458684   16.89 16.64     ~ 58 0
133 NGC 5675 Sy2 14 32 39.82958858 +36 18 07.9327087   14.0       ~ 110 1
134 Mrk 477 Sy2 14 40 38.0960806920 +53 30 15.961505184   16.05 15.03     ~ 317 1
135 2MASS J14424078+2623325 Sy1 14 42 40.7961049992 +26 23 32.593937820           ~ 23 0
136 2MASX J14433119+1911204 Sy2 14 43 31.1984245176 +19 11 20.911260660           ~ 8 0
137 2MASS J14572464+1059374 Sy1 14 57 24.6374569800 +10 59 37.432266684           ~ 6 0
138 Mrk 840 Sy1 15 04 08.4662283912 +14 31 23.352054600   17.37 16.99     ~ 34 0
139 2MASX J15075686+0320378 Sy1 15 07 56.8893920424 +03 20 37.290656436   18.40 17.92     ~ 12 0
140 2MASX J15100402+0740370 Sy2 15 10 04.0112809920 +07 40 37.130708532   16       ~ 14 0
141 IC 1101 rG 15 10 56.100 +05 44 41.19   15.10       ~ 155 2
142 ICRF J151141.2+051809 Sy2 15 11 41.26637844 +05 18 09.2590927   18.49 17.80 13.95   ~ 108 0
143 2MASS J15191597+1048476 Sy1 15 19 15.9794997984 +10 48 47.794359564   17.83 17.50     ~ 10 0
144 2MASX J15241259+0832412 Sy2 15 24 12.5827755768 +08 32 41.332419168   15.6       ~ 47 0
145 2MASX J15254953+0522483 LIN 15 25 49.5464595360 +05 22 48.616189824           ~ 29 0
146 LEDA 2531253 Sy1 15 29 07.4560860072 +56 16 06.729661596   16.90 16.74     ~ 43 0
147 SDSS J153355.15+585756.5 G 15 33 55.1504196120 +58 57 56.494600596           ~ 1 0
148 NGC 5953 GiP 15 34 32.4 +15 11 38   13.23 12.45     ~ 370 1
149 2MASS J15350893+2214529 Sy2 15 35 08.9319186192 +22 14 52.909039464           ~ 3 0
150 SDSS J153703.36+135944.1 G 15 37 03.3685307472 +13 59 44.171237076           ~ 3 0
151 NGC 5972 Sy2 15 38 54.1552716984 +17 01 34.346610984   14.60 14.27     ~ 49 1
152 2MASS J15500762+2728146 Sy1 15 50 07.6232211744 +27 28 14.517667632   18.84 18.41     ~ 10 0
153 IC 1182 AGN 16 05 36.7963581312 +17 48 07.422094440   16.20 15.19     ~ 160 0
154 MCG+03-42-008 LIN 16 25 38.0897040600 +16 27 18.073752624   14.9       ~ 23 0
155 Mrk 1498 Sy2 16 28 04.0560946128 +51 46 31.477061100   17.0       ~ 106 0
156 2MASX J16293006+4207031 Sy1 16 29 30.0155398776 +42 07 03.189717084   18.42 17.93     ~ 18 0
157 Mrk 883 Sy1 16 29 52.848 +24 26 37.45   15.40 14.43     ~ 115 0
158 2MASS J16480081+2956574 Sy1 16 48 00.8071525896 +29 56 57.517023840   17.55 17.27     ~ 38 0
159 SDSS J172335.80+342133.4 G 17 23 35.801 +34 21 33.51           ~ 1 0
160 MCG+04-41-014 EmG 17 27 47.1725042016 +26 51 21.064304052   15.4       ~ 9 0
161 2MASX J17293578+5429401 Sy2 17 29 35.8162039656 +54 29 40.057850976   19.50 18.30     ~ 21 0
162 UGC 11185 Sy2 18 16 09.3886288488 +42 39 23.010660432   15.9       ~ 28 0
163 MCG+07-37-031 Sy2 18 16 11.6269888848 +42 39 37.250088768   15 16.1     ~ 40 1
164 LEDA 3092985 Sy2 21 09 18.3824254224 -06 07 54.773616216   17.69 17.05     ~ 16 0
165 LEDA 1164179 G 21 41 50.1058253976 +00 22 09.369623028           ~ 5 0
166 2MASX J22014163+1151237 Sy2 22 01 41.6292212064 +11 51 24.381447048   15.6       ~ 26 0
167 NGC 7212 Sy2 22 07 01.9870259424 +10 14 00.838175892   15.1       ~ 196 1
168 2MASX J23325447+1513055 Sy1 23 32 54.4667670696 +15 13 05.448863316   18.25 17.88     ~ 38 0
169 Z 381-35 Sy2 23 44 13.6238286096 +00 48 14.062262940   15.80       ~ 26 0

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