SIMBAD references

The nature of some GRB host galaxies has been investigated by means of chemical evolution models of galaxies of different morphological types following the evolution of the abundances of H, He, C, N, O, α-elements, Ni, Fe, Zn, and including also the evolution of dust. By comparing predictions with abundance data, we were able to constrain nature and age of GRB hosts. We also computed a theoretical cosmic dust rate, including stellar dust production, accretion and destruction, under the hypotheses of pure luminosity evolution and strong number density evolution of galaxies. We suggest that one of the three GRB hosts is a massive protospheroid caught during its formation, while for the other two the situation is more uncertain, although one could perhaps be a spheroid and the other a spiral galaxy. We estimated the chemical ages of the host galaxies which vary from 15 to 320 Myr. Concerning the cosmic effective dust production rate in a unitary volume of the Universe, our results show that in the case of pure luminosity evolution there is a first peak between redshift z = 8 and 9 and another at z ∼ 5, whereas in the case of strong number density evolution, it increases slightly from z = 10 to z ∼ 2 and then it decreases down to z = 0. Finally, we found that the total cosmic dust mass density at the present time is Ωdust ∼ 3.5x10^–5 in the case of pure luminosity evolution, and Ωdust ∼ 7x10^–5 in the case of number density evolution.