SIMBAD references

GRAMORs are GRAvitationally highly magnified yet MORphologically regular images. An example of this phenomenon was discovered in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 in 2009. We investigate the lens statistics of GRAMORs in detail. Assuming a NFW profile for a sample of clusters, we calculate the expected number and redshift distribution of GRAMORs using parameters from COSMOS data for the number density of the background galaxy. A model with a cluster placed at z = 0.544 based on WMAP5 cosmology predicts the redshift of a GRAMOR at z~= 1.49 which is close to the observed z = 1.4906. These results show that the expected number of GRAMORs is about two per cluster in the most likely case, and thus a large number of GRAMORs would be observed in a systematic survey. The probability distribution function of source redshift for GRAMORs depends strongly on dark energy and may be useful for constraining the nature of dark energy.