CARROLL J.J., FRANK A., BLACKMAN E.G., CUNNINGHAM A.J. and QUILLEN A.C.
Abstract (from CDS):
In this paper, we explore the relationship between protostellar outflows and turbulence in molecular clouds. Using three-dimensional numerical simulations we focus on the hydrodynamics of multiple outflows interacting within a parsec scale volume. We explore the extent to which transient outflows injecting directed energy and momentum into a subvolume of a molecular cloud can be converted into random turbulent motions. We show that turbulence can readily be sustained by these interactions and it is possible to broadly characterize an effective driving scale of the outflows. We compare the velocity spectrum obtained in our studies with that of isotropically forced hydrodynamic turbulence finding that in outflow-driven turbulence a power law of the form E(k) ∝ k –β is indeed achieved. However, we find that a steeper spectrum β ∼ 2.74 is obtained in outflow-driven turbulence models than in isotropically forced simulations β ∼ 2.45. We discuss possible physical mechanisms responsible for these results as well as their implications for turbulence in molecular clouds where outflows will act in concert with other processes such as gravitational collapse.
Abstract Copyright:
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Journal keyword(s):
ISM: jets and outflows - ISM: kinematics and dynamics - turbulence
(Ref) Object type as listed in the reference "Ref"
(acronym) Object type linked to the acronym according to the original reference
() Anterior to 2007, before we can link the objet type to a reference, or given by the CDS team in some particular cases
Other object types:
RNe
(DG,[RK68],...),
ISM
(Ced,GN,...),
Cl*
(2020A&A,[KPS2012]),
As*
(2019AJ,[KC2019]),
OpC
(2020A&A),
HII
(LBN),
GNe
([B77]),
Rad
(GRS)
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
(wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
[error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
(wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
[error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
quality : flag of quality
E ≥ 10"
D : 1-10" (and some old data)
C : 0.1-1"
B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
A : VLBI, Hipparcos
bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
FK4
coord.
(ep=B1950 eq=1950) :
03 26 05.6 +31 08 18
[
]
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
(wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
[error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
quality : flag of quality
E ≥ 10"
D : 1-10" (and some old data)
C : 0.1-1"
B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
A : VLBI, Hipparcos
bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
Gal
coord.
(ep=J2000) :
158.3430 -20.5052
[
]
Syntax of proper motions is : "pm-ra pm-dec [error ellipse] quality bibcode"
pm-ra : mu-ra*cos(dec) (expressed in the ICRS system in mas/yr)
pm-dec : mu-dec (expressed in the ICRS system in mas/yr)
[error ellipse] : error major axis and minor axis (in mas), orientation angle (in deg)
quality : flag of quality (A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
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value : radial velocity or/and redshift (Heliocentric frame) according to your Output Options
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quality : flag of quality ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, ∼=unknown quality)
References (1454 between 1850 and 2024) (Total 1454)
Simbad bibliographic survey began in 1850 for stars (at least bright stars) and in 1983 for all other objects (outside the solar system).
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