2015ApJ...811...64A

Molecular absorption lines of OH (99 lines) and CH (105 lines) are measured for the carbon-enhanced metal-poor star BD+44°493 with [Fe/H]. The abundances of oxygen and carbon determined from individual lines based on an 1D-LTE analysis exhibit significant dependence on excitation potentials of the lines; ∼ dex eV^–1, where ∈ and χ are elemental abundances from individual spectral lines and their excitation potentials, respectively. The dependence is not explained by the uncertainties of stellar parameters, but suggests that the atmosphere of this object possesses a cool layer that is not reproduced by the 1D model atmosphere. This result agrees with the predictions by 3D model calculations. Although absorption lines of neutral iron exhibit a similar trend, it is much weaker than found in molecular lines and that predicted by 3D LTE models.