2009ApJ...692..856B

Query : 2009ApJ...692..856B

2009ApJ...692..856B - Astrophys. J., 692, 856-868 (2009/February-2)

Upper limits on the masses of 105 supermassive black holes from Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph archival data.

BEIFIORI A., SARZI M., CORSINI E.M., DALLA BONTA E., PIZZELLA A., COCCATO L. and BERTOLA F.

Abstract (from CDS):

Based on the modeling of the central emission-line width measured over subarcsecond apertures with the Hubble Space Telescope, we present stringent upper bounds on the mass of the central supermassive black hole, M•, for a sample of 105 nearby galaxies (D < 100 Mpc) spanning a wide range of Hubble types (E-Sc) and values of the central stellar velocity dispersion, σc(58-419 km/s). For the vast majority of the objects, the derived M• upper limits run parallel and above the well-known M•-σc relation independently of the galaxy distance, suggesting that our nebular line-width measurements trace rather well the nuclear gravitational potential. For values of σc between 90 and 220 km/s, 68% of our upper limits falls immediately above the M•-σc relation without exceeding the expected M• values by more than a factor 4.1. No systematic trends or offsets are observed in this σc range as a function of the galaxy Hubble type or with respect to the presence of a bar. For 6 of our 12 M• upper limits with σc<90 km/s, our line-width measurements are more sensitive to the stellar contribution to the gravitational potential, either due to the presence of a nuclear stellar cluster or because of a greater distance compared to the other galaxies at the low-σc end of the M•-σcrelation. Conversely, our M• upper bounds appear to lie closer to the expected M• in the most massive elliptical galaxies with values of σc above 220 km/s. Such a flattening of the M•-σc relation at its high-σc end would appear consistent with a coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies driven by dry mergers, although better and more consistent measurements for σc and K-band luminosity are needed for these kinds of objects before systematic effects can be ruled out.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): black hole physics - galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - galaxies: structure

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/692/856): table1.dat table2.dat refs.dat>

Simbad objects: 181

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Number of rows : 181
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NGC 134 GiP 00 30 21.920 -33 14 34.54   11.14 10.12 9.69 10.4 ~ 162 0
2 NGC 157 Sy2 00 34 46.7879913696 -08 23 47.273597952   11.0 19.00 10.03 10.7 ~ 352 0
3 NGC 193 rG 00 39 18.5878961880 +03 19 52.605787764   14.3       ~ 141 1
4 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2154 2
5 NGC 255 GiG 00 47 47.309 -11 28 07.31   12.5   11.82 12.6 ~ 98 0
6 NGC 278 H2G 00 52 04.3452013728 +47 33 01.675026036   10.5       ~ 234 1
7 NGC 289 Sy2 00 52 42.365 -31 12 20.99   11.36 13.44 10.38 11.4 ~ 236 0
8 NGC 315 LIN 00 57 48.88334410 +30 21 08.8119345 12.80 12.20 11.16 11.26   ~ 789 2
9 NGC 383 rG 01 07 24.9647814840 +32 24 45.132586200   13.6 12.14     ~ 781 3
10 NGC 520 AG? 01 24 34.90 +03 47 29.4 12.41 12.24 11.42     ~ 514 3
11 NGC 541 AG? 01 25 44.3069825040 -01 22 46.086331044 13.42 13.03 12.08     ~ 214 2
12 NGC 613 AGN 01 34 18.235 -29 25 06.56   10.77 12.71 9.50 10.6 ~ 410 3
13 Mrk 573 Sy2 01 43 57.7777898304 +02 20 59.531401716   14.90 14.07     ~ 535 0
14 UGC 1395 Sy2 01 55 22.0278511032 +06 36 42.434344476   14.449 13.619 13.090 12.381 ~ 147 0
15 NGC 741 rG 01 56 23.2 +05 37 35   13.2       ~ 294 2
16 NGC 788 Sy2 02 01 06.4628889816 -06 48 57.149808084   13.71 12.76 11.79   ~ 266 0
17 UGC 1841 Sy1 02 23 11.41124925 +42 59 31.3853324   15.71 14.81     ~ 562 2
18 NGC 1052 Sy2 02 41 04.79849989 -08 15 20.7519527 11.84 11.41 10.47 10.71   ~ 1301 2
19 NGC 1097 LIN 02 46 19.059 -30 16 29.68 10.46 9.97 9.48 8.72 9.8 ~ 1344 3
20 NGC 1255 GiG 03 13 31.9885639248 -25 43 30.399262428   11.80   10.66 11.5 ~ 149 0
21 NGC 1300 Sy2 03 19 41.0462219928 -19 24 40.187565432   11.16 10.42 9.90 10.7 ~ 536 0
22 NGC 1358 Sy2 03 33 39.6807616872 -05 05 22.213915692   14.10 13.05 11.76   ~ 202 1
23 IC 342 SBG 03 46 48.514 +68 05 45.98   10.5       ~ 1518 1
24 NGC 1497 GiG 04 02 06.8045 +23 07 58.413   14.5       ~ 51 1
25 NGC 1667 Sy2 04 48 37.1804579280 -06 19 11.824427712   13.66 12.86 11.72   ~ 364 1
26 NGC 1832 Sy2 05 12 03.3433348776 -15 41 16.021694220   12.2   11.07 11.8 ~ 237 1
27 NGC 1961 LIN 05 42 04.6327819680 +69 22 42.411028872   11.73 10.99     ~ 338 3
28 NGC 2110 Sy2 05 52 11.3768668776 -07 27 22.507465392   14.77 13.51 11.86   ~ 663 1
29 NGC 2179 Sy2 06 08 02.2326823704 -21 44 48.266982276   13.33 12.45 11.58   ~ 61 0
30 NGC 2273 Sy2 06 50 08.6691789600 +60 50 44.864645136   14.50 13.54     ~ 528 3
31 NGC 2329 AGN 07 09 08.0049393360 +48 36 55.726108020   13.7 13.99     ~ 135 3
32 NGC 2623 LIN 08 38 24.016 +25 45 16.29 14.10 13.99 13.36     ~ 499 1
33 NGC 2654 SyG 08 49 11.8211394432 +60 13 16.366909476   12.80       ~ 139 0
34 NGC 2685 Sy2 08 55 34.7027817000 +58 44 03.876540108   13.68 12.70     ~ 431 1
35 NGC 2748 GiG 09 13 43.03707 +76 28 31.2310   11.7       ~ 204 0
36 NGC 2787 LIN 09 19 18.6046606656 +69 12 11.630716128   12.92 11.79     ~ 354 0
37 NGC 2905 H2G 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1118 3
38 NGC 2892 rG 09 32 52.9316927952 +67 37 02.634719448   14.4       ~ 68 1
39 NGC 2911 Sy2 09 33 46.10739467 +10 09 08.8215304   14.96 13.83     ~ 244 0
40 NGC 2964 GiP 09 42 54.251 +31 50 49.97   12.0       ~ 275 1
41 NGC 2976 GiP 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 674 1
42 NGC 3003 GiG 09 48 35.580 +33 25 17.83   12.3       ~ 202 0
43 NGC 3021 GiG 09 50 57.1456156056 +33 33 12.934404072   12.6       ~ 191 0
44 NGC 3049 EmG 09 54 49.651 +09 16 17.90   13.04       ~ 329 1
45 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4452 3
46 NGC 3067 GiG 09 58 21.0726714528 +32 22 12.012636108   12.7       ~ 243 1
47 NGC 3078 AGN 09 58 24.59498715 -26 55 35.9552427   12.00 11.07 10.51   ~ 156 0
48 NGC 3081 Sy2 09 59 29.5437024336 -22 49 34.747341960   13.06 13.55 11.67 12.1 ~ 467 0
49 NGC 3162 GiG 10 13 31.5928405755 +22 44 15.161785167   12.2       ~ 140 0
50 NGC 3227 Sy1 10 23 30.5765149296 +19 51 54.282206700   12.61 11.79     ~ 1705 1
51 NGC 3245 GiP 10 27 18.3864983136 +28 30 26.621599932   11.6       ~ 347 0
52 NGC 3256 Sy2 10 27 51.284 -43 54 13.55   11.83 11.33 10.62 11.9 ~ 849 2
53 NGC 3254 Sy2 10 29 19.922 +29 29 29.18   12.29 11.60     ~ 188 0
54 NGC 3259 Sy1 10 32 34.8614764344 +65 02 27.906884844   17.55 16.89     ~ 157 0
55 NGC 3310 AGN 10 38 45.85707 +53 30 11.8940   12.45 12.15     ~ 774 1
56 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1122 2
57 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 819 1
58 M 105 LIN 10 47 49.600 +12 34 53.87   10.56 9.76 9.12 8.18 ~ 1464 0
59 NGC 3393 Sy2 10 48 23.4653152920 -25 09 43.487648784   13.10 13.95 11.67 12.2 ~ 425 1
60 NGC 3403 GiG 10 53 54.851 +73 41 25.35   13.30       ~ 102 0
61 NGC 3489 GiG 11 00 18.5483994744 +13 54 04.206202668 11.46 11.12 10.29     ~ 400 1
62 NGC 3521 G 11 05 48.5680991376 -00 02 09.245076540 10.06 9.83 9.02 10.1 9.6 ~ 817 2
63 NGC 3516 Sy1 11 06 47.4632200800 +72 34 07.298374656   13.12 12.40     ~ 1545 0
64 M 66 GiP 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1387 4
65 NGC 3642 LIN 11 22 17.9010437568 +59 04 28.275641436   14.86 14.04     ~ 204 0
66 NGC 3675 GiG 11 26 08.5641089832 +43 35 09.587062464   11.04   9.57   ~ 284 1
67 NGC 3684 GiP 11 27 11.2076836512 +17 01 48.596515284   12.1       ~ 175 0
68 NGC 3686 GiP 11 27 43.9717389912 +17 13 27.014601036   11.6       ~ 197 0
69 NGC 3705 GiG 11 30 07.456 +09 16 35.87 12.00 11.86 11.07     ~ 174 1
70 NGC 3756 GiG 11 36 48.0255259872 +54 17 36.721532292   12.1       ~ 180 0
71 NGC 3801 LIN 11 40 16.9446846648 +17 43 40.575768960   13.3       ~ 203 1
72 NGC 3862 Sy2 11 45 05.00904503 +19 36 22.7409909   14.98 13.97     ~ 603 3
73 NGC 3887 Sy2 11 47 04.563 -16 51 16.71   11.4   10.37 10.9 ~ 147 0
74 NGC 3917 GiP 11 50 45.4481861760 +51 49 27.919475076   12.5       ~ 188 0
75 NGC 3921 AG? 11 51 06.8803989360 +55 04 43.414457484   13.4 12.64     ~ 246 0
76 NGC 3949 GiG 11 53 41.7311041896 +47 51 31.401451476   10.9       ~ 335 1
77 NGC 3953 GiG 11 53 49.0086582552 +52 19 36.475395312   11.08   9.71   ~ 359 0
78 NGC 3972 GiP 11 55 45.09048 +55 19 14.6460   13.14   11.94   ~ 217 1
79 NGC 3982 Sy1 11 56 28.1445516072 +55 07 30.859586652   12.20 11.70 11.18   ~ 550 1
80 M 109 GiG 11 57 35.9631479640 +53 22 29.006082336   10.94   9.57   ~ 457 0
81 NGC 3998 Sy2 11 57 56.1334044408 +55 27 12.922443432   11.64 12.10 10.09   ~ 644 2
82 NGC 4030 GiP 12 00 23.6102390784 -01 06 00.197099136   11.42   10.3 10.4 ~ 340 1
83 NGC 4036 LIN 12 01 26.7603659808 +61 53 44.625848784   12.18 11.20     ~ 261 0
84 NGC 4038 EmG 12 01 53.002 -18 52 03.32   10.91   9.74 11.0 ~ 1333 1
85 NAME Antennae IG 12 01 53.170 -18 52 37.92           ~ 1693 0
86 NGC 4039 GiP 12 01 53.51 -18 53 10.3   11.08   9.77   ~ 1161 1
87 NGC 4041 SyG 12 02 12.2376697152 +62 08 14.096124312   11.6       ~ 252 1
88 NGC 4051 Sy1 12 03 09.6101337312 +44 31 52.682601288   11.08 12.92 9.94   ~ 2167 1
89 NGC 4088 GiP 12 05 34.2230093952 +50 32 21.064017876   11.2       ~ 408 1
90 NGC 4100 GiG 12 06 08.602 +49 34 56.32   11.7       ~ 252 0
91 UGC 7115 LIN 12 08 05.5490514552 +25 14 14.260024176   14.4       ~ 86 0
92 NGC 4138 Sy2 12 09 29.8011417048 +43 41 06.864140004 12.46 12.29 11.32 10.82   ~ 411 1
93 NGC 4143 LIN 12 09 36.0679174440 +42 32 03.031963368   13.04 12.08     ~ 233 0
94 NGC 4150 GiG 12 10 33.655 +30 24 05.35 12.72 12.44 11.64     ~ 310 2
95 NGC 4203 LIN 12 15 05.0549203560 +33 11 50.383965120   12.98 11.99     ~ 492 2
96 NGC 4212 H2G 12 15 39.3368219184 +13 54 05.388525900   11.9       ~ 313 0
97 NGC 4245 GiG 12 17 36.7836585312 +29 36 28.898544204   12.4       ~ 179 0
98 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2365 3
99 NGC 4261 LIN 12 19 23.2160630 +05 49 29.700024   13.92 12.87     ~ 1224 0
100 NGC 4278 LIN 12 20 06.8242 +29 16 50.722 11.54 11.09 10.16     ~ 946 2
101 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 998 2
102 NGC 4314 LIN 12 22 32.0223000912 +29 53 43.814812200 11.72 11.43 10.58     ~ 479 1
103 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1847 2
104 NGC 4335 rG 12 23 01.8844 +58 26 40.378   13.7       ~ 82 1
105 NGC 4343 AGN 12 23 38.6916756216 +06 57 14.481212688   14.816 13.860 13.824   ~ 176 1
106 M 84 Sy2 12 25 03.74333 +12 53 13.1393 12.67 12.09 10.49     ~ 1765 2
107 NGC 4380 BLL 12 25 22.178 +10 01 00.14   13.4       ~ 262 0
108 NGC 4389 GiG 12 25 35.098 +45 41 04.81   12.64   11.46   ~ 147 0
109 NGC 4414 GiG 12 26 27.1276893168 +31 13 24.626206488 11.12 10.96 10.12     ~ 567 2
110 NGC 4420 GiG 12 26 58.4368542672 +02 29 39.725748780   12.7       ~ 182 0
111 NGC 4429 GiG 12 27 26.5040002440 +11 06 27.588767616   11.4       ~ 319 0
112 NGC 4435 GiG 12 27 40.503 +13 04 44.48 12.23 11.74 10.80     ~ 446 2
113 NGC 4450 LIN 12 28 29.5910654016 +17 05 05.976112020   10.90 10.08     ~ 564 2
114 NGC 4459 H2G 12 29 00.0329905416 +13 58 42.826603332   11.6       ~ 539 0
115 NGC 4477 Sy2 12 30 02.1955766304 +13 38 11.543715888 11.98 11.38 10.42     ~ 397 2
116 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7207 3
117 M 88 Sy2 12 31 59.1525062448 +14 25 13.148971824   14.33 13.18     ~ 806 1
118 IRAS 12315+0758 GiG 12 34 03.029 +07 41 56.90   10.6       ~ 672 0
119 NGC 4527 GiP 12 34 08.4 +02 39 15   12.4       ~ 533 2
120 NGC 4536 GiP 12 34 27.1 +02 11 18 11.14 11.16 10.55 17.393   ~ 853 3
121 M 91 LIN 12 35 26.4446761320 +14 29 46.760333748   14.63 13.57     ~ 594 0
122 NGC 4507 Sy2 12 35 36.6338976888 -39 54 33.710416272   12.95 13.54 11.70 12.4 ~ 496 0
123 M 89 LIN 12 35 39.80733343 +12 33 22.8308657 11.29 10.73 9.75     ~ 996 2
124 M 90 Sy2 12 36 49.8009839880 +13 09 46.523813040 10.56 10.26 9.54     ~ 899 1
125 M 58 Sy2 12 37 43.5 +11 49 06 10.80 10.48 9.66     ~ 1080 2
126 NGC 4596 GiP 12 39 55.9544722920 +10 10 34.185047628   12.4       ~ 366 0
127 M 104 LIN 12 39 59.43185902 -11 37 22.9961800 9.51 9.55 8.00 8.05   ~ 1396 3
128 IC 3639 Sy2 12 40 52.8344884344 -36 45 21.057011172   13.01 13.50 11.87 12.7 ~ 247 1
129 NGC 4636 LIN 12 42 49.8333280080 +02 41 15.951929028   12.62 11.84     ~ 1118 1
130 IC 819 AGN 12 46 10.1 +30 43 55           ~ 278 1
131 NGC 4676 IG 12 46 10.18 +30 43 53.7   14.1       ~ 310 0
132 NGC 4698 Sy2 12 48 22.9082830584 +08 29 14.667552276   13.24 12.27     ~ 485 0
133 NGC 4696 BiC 12 48 49.2724775784 -41 18 39.304053252   11.21   10.7   ~ 491 3
134 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1386 2
135 NGC 4800 GiG 12 54 37.7814061056 +46 31 52.276624140   12.0       ~ 145 0
136 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 941 2
137 NGC 5005 GiP 13 10 56.312 +37 03 32.19   14.67 13.67     ~ 542 2
138 M 63 LIN 13 15 49.2741893928 +42 01 45.728076108   9.34 8.59 8.35   ~ 1224 2
139 NGC 5054 Sy1 13 16 58.488 -16 38 05.46   11.3   10.36 10.7 ~ 196 1
140 NGC 5077 AGN 13 19 31.66962921 -12 39 25.0765176   13.87 12.85 11.30   ~ 296 0
141 NGC 5127 LIN 13 23 45.0315298080 +31 33 56.527040808   13.9       ~ 178 0
142 NGC 5141 Sy2 13 24 51.44109717 +36 22 42.7725745   13.9       ~ 187 1
143 NGC 5135 Sy2 13 25 44.059 -29 50 01.24   12.58 13.35 11.53 12.2 ~ 475 1
144 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4331 4
145 NGC 5248 GiG 13 37 32.0145074088 +08 53 06.496982448   11.4       ~ 508 0
146 NGC 5247 GiG 13 38 03.0183262176 -17 53 02.645511252   10.77   9.96 10.5 ~ 220 0
147 NGC 5252 Sy2 13 38 15.8707724328 +04 32 33.521265600   15.21 14.21     ~ 481 0
148 NGC 5283 Sy2 13 41 05.7499712616 +67 40 19.967186280   14.97 14.05     ~ 257 0
149 NGC 5347 Sy2 13 53 17.7984934128 +33 29 27.011618196   13.46 12.70     ~ 354 1
150 NGC 5364 GiP 13 56 12.004 +05 00 52.06   13.2       ~ 259 0
151 NGC 5398 LSB 14 01 21.555 -33 03 49.62   12.87 12.39 11.99 12.6 ~ 132 1
152 APG 271 IG 14 03 25.45 -06 02 59.9           ~ 209 0
153 NGC 5427 Sy1 14 03 26.0408044536 -06 01 50.682790236   14.67 13.96 11.54   ~ 289 0
154 NGC 5490 rG 14 09 57.330 +17 32 43.53   13.4 15.5     ~ 166 1
155 NGC 5577 GiP 14 21 13.110 +03 26 08.76   13.05       ~ 129 1
156 NGC 5635 SyG 14 28 31.76167367 +27 24 32.2322942   13.9   12.12   ~ 127 1
157 NGC 5643 Sy2 14 32 40.778 -44 10 28.60   11.03 13.60 9.92 10.6 ~ 573 0
158 NGC 5695 Sy2 14 37 22.1349838776 +36 34 04.201272336   14.55 13.60     ~ 202 0
159 NGC 5713 GiP 14 40 11.528 -00 17 21.16 11.88 11.84 11.20     ~ 398 2
160 NGC 5728 Sy2 14 42 23.8918506576 -17 15 11.240783784   14.34 13.40     ~ 596 0
161 NGC 5746 GiP 14 44 56.005 +01 57 17.06   12.3       ~ 358 0
162 NGC 5879 AGN 15 09 46.7271710112 +57 00 00.538947900   11.9       ~ 247 1
163 NGC 5905 H2G 15 15 23.3280793632 +55 31 01.926808032   13.6       ~ 273 1
164 NGC 5921 AG? 15 21 56.561 +05 04 13.94   12.7       ~ 276 0
165 NGC 6300 Sy2 17 16 59.5418094960 -62 49 13.946588832   10.88 13.08 9.44 10.2 ~ 431 0
166 UGC 10814 GiP 17 19 21.3650802168 +49 02 25.311600276   14.9       ~ 24 0
167 NGC 6384 AG? 17 32 24.2848390896 +07 03 37.531624968   13.2       ~ 304 0
168 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 521 1
169 NGC 6500 LIN 17 55 59.78218885 +18 20 17.6673590   13.43 12.54     ~ 221 0
170 NGC 6621 AG? 18 12 55.276 +68 21 48.50   13.6       ~ 124 1
171 NGC 6861 EmG 20 07 19.482 -48 22 12.94   12.01 11.10 10.43   ~ 189 0
172 NGC 6951 Sy2 20 37 14.1228088488 +66 06 20.049916392   11.64 10.65     ~ 528 2
173 IC 5096 GiG 21 18 21.511 -63 45 38.43   13.32   11.73 12.3 ~ 64 0
174 NGC 7052 rG 21 18 33.0441963648 +26 26 49.174586196 15.52 14.85 13.09     ~ 324 1
175 NGC 7252 EmG 22 20 44.7748209648 -24 40 41.909518200 12.26 12.46 12.06 11.57   ~ 704 1
176 UGC 12064 AGN 22 31 20.5885689288 +39 21 29.593072404   14.6       ~ 437 1
177 NGC 7314 Sy2 22 35 46.1985355872 -26 03 01.564993476   11.62 13.11 10.61 11.4 ~ 567 0
178 NGC 7331 LIN 22 37 04.0506038088 +34 24 56.800076508 10.65 10.35 9.48     ~ 1228 2
179 NGC 7592 Sy2 23 18 22.0 -04 24 57           ~ 160 0
180 NGC 7626 rG 23 20 42.524 +08 13 01.43   12.8       ~ 426 1
181 NGC 7682 Sy2 23 29 03.9181335984 +03 31 59.921415444   14.3       ~ 235 0

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