2011ApJ...736..133A

Query : 2011ApJ...736..133A

2011ApJ...736..133A - Astrophys. J., 736, 133 (2011/August-1)

Massive young stellar objects in the Galactic Center. I. Spectroscopic identification from Spitzer infrared spectrograph observations.

AN D., RAMIREZ S.V., SELLGREN K., ARENDT R.G., BOOGERT A.C.A., ROBITAILLE T.P., SCHULTHEIS M., COTERA A.S., SMITH H.A. and STOLOVY S.R.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present results from our spectroscopic study, using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, designed to identify massive young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Galactic center (GC). Our sample of 107 YSO candidates was selected based on Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) colors from the high spatial resolution, high sensitivity Spitzer/IRAC images in the Central Molecular Zone, which spans the central ∼300 pc region of the Milky Way. We obtained IRS spectra over 5-35 µm using both high- and low-resolution IRS modules. We spectroscopically identify massive YSOs by the presence of a 15.4 µm shoulder on the absorption profile of 15 µm CO2ice, suggestive of CO2 ice mixed with CH3OH ice on grains. This 15.4 µm shoulder is clearly observed in 16 sources and possibly observed in an additional 19 sources. We show that nine massive YSOs also reveal molecular gas-phase absorption from CO2, C2H2, and/or HCN, which traces warm and dense gas in YSOs. Our results provide the first spectroscopic census of the massive YSO population in the GC. We fit YSO models to the observed spectral energy distributions and find YSO masses of 8-23 M☉, which generally agree with the masses derived from observed radio continuum emission. We find that about 50% of photometrically identified YSOs are confirmed with our spectroscopic study. This implies a preliminary star formation rate of ∼0.07 M☉/yr at the GC.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): Galaxy: nucleus - infrared: ISM - ISM: molecules - stars: formation

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/736/133): table1.dat table2.dat table3.dat table4.dat table5.dat table6.dat table7.dat>

Simbad objects: 128

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Number of rows : 128
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 17459 0
2 GUM 29 HII 10 24 14.6 -57 46 58           ~ 210 0
3 2MASS J17434796-2938412 AB? 17 43 47.966 -29 38 41.24           ~ 3 0
4 ISOGAL-P J174356.1-293621 Y*? 17 43 55.98 -29 36 22.4           ~ 3 0
5 SSTGC 263857 Y*? 17 43 57.32 -29 36 40.6           ~ 2 0
6 OH 359.4+00.0 OH* 17 44 06.89688 -29 24 16.7796           O-rich 17 1
7 ISOGAL-P J174411.3-292639 Y*? 17 44 11.230 -29 26 39.16           ~ 2 0
8 ISOGAL-P J174414.6-292323 Y*? 17 44 14.488 -29 23 22.04           ~ 10 0
9 SSTGC 303865 IR 17 44 15.85 -29 20 43.7           ~ 1 0
10 [RMB2008] G359.3185-00.0714 Y*? 17 44 16.03 -29 33 16.6           ~ 2 0
11 ISOGAL-P J174431.5-292737 Y*? 17 44 31.54 -29 27 39.1           ~ 3 0
12 ISOGAL-P J174433.4-292700 Y*? 17 44 33.36 -29 27 00.7           ~ 3 0
13 ISOGAL-P J174433.8-291355 Y*? 17 44 33.71 -29 13 56.0           ~ 3 0
14 SSTGC 354683 IR 17 44 35.87 -29 27 44.8           ~ 1 0
15 NAME Sgr C MoC 17 44 36.3 -29 28 13           ~ 354 0
16 SSTGC 358370 IR 17 44 37.26 -29 28 41.7           ~ 1 0
17 ISOGAL-P J174437.9-292545 Y*? 17 44 37.90 -29 25 46.5           ~ 2 0
18 SSTGC 360559 Y*? 17 44 38.09 -29 28 38.9           ~ 1 0
19 SSTGC 368854 IR 17 44 41.29 -29 24 35.4           ~ 1 0
20 SSTGC 370438 Y*? 17 44 41.91 -29 23 32.4           ~ 2 0
21 SSTGC 372630 Y*? 17 44 42.76 -29 23 16.2           ~ 5 0
22 SSTGC 374813 Y*? 17 44 43.59 -29 20 48.8           ~ 3 0
23 SSTGC 381931 Y*? 17 44 46.32 -29 27 39.2           ~ 2 0
24 2MASS J17444894-2923423 NIR 17 44 48.940 -29 23 42.36           ~ 3 0
25 SSTGLMC G359.9888+00.1907 Y*? 17 44 51.02 -28 50 46.6           ~ 2 0
26 2MASS J17445167-2911002 NIR 17 44 51.6831706824 -29 11 00.318842844           ~ 1 0
27 SSTGC 401264 Y*? 17 44 53.73 -29 23 12.5           ~ 2 0
28 SSTGC 404312 IR 17 44 54.89 -29 14 13.1           ~ 2 0
29 SSTGC 405235 IR 17 44 55.25 -29 15 37.8           ~ 3 0
30 SSTGC 412509 Y*? 17 44 58.02 -29 10 56.7           ~ 2 0
31 SSTGC 421092 Y*? 17 45 01.27 -29 14 55.5           ~ 2 0
32 2MASS J17450289-2922113 AB? 17 45 02.895 -29 22 11.36           ~ 3 0
33 ISOGAL-P J174503.2-291737 Y*? 17 45 03.24 -29 17 38.5           ~ 3 0
34 ISOGAL-P J174508.6-284617 Y*? 17 45 08.64 -28 46 18.0           ~ 2 0
35 NAME Sgr A Region reg 17 45 12 -28 48.3           ~ 939 0
36 ISOGAL-P J174518.1-290439 Y*? 17 45 18.10 -29 04 40.6           ~ 4 0
37 SSTGC 492222 IR 17 45 27.95 -28 56 22.7           ~ 2 0
38 2MASS J17452943-2910219 Y*? 17 45 29.431 -29 10 21.98           ~ 2 0
39 SSTGC 497500 IR 17 45 29.91 -28 54 22.8           ~ 1 0
40 SSTGC 507261 IR 17 45 33.50 -28 54 37.2           ~ 2 0
41 2MASS J17453492-2925103 NIR 17 45 34.929 -29 25 10.36           ~ 1 0
42 SSTGC 511666 IR 17 45 35.08 -28 53 34.2           ~ 1 0
43 2MASS J17453685-2852212 NIR 17 45 36.853 -28 52 21.29           ~ 2 0
44 SSTGC 516756 IR 17 45 36.94 -28 54 33.4           ~ 2 0
45 CXOGC J174537.3-285354 s*b 17 45 37.30 -28 53 53.7           O9-B0I 7 0
46 SSTGC 519103 Em* 17 45 37.81 -28 57 16.2           B[e] 7 0
47 SSTGC 521894 IR 17 45 38.82 -28 52 31.9           ~ 1 0
48 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 14436 0
49 SSTGC 524419 IR 17 45 39.80 -28 53 44.4           ~ 3 0
50 SSTGC 524665 IR 17 45 39.86 -29 23 23.4           ~ 2 0
51 GCIRS 16 Cl* 17 45 40.0 -29 00 28           ~ 364 0
52 2MASS J17454020-2853280 NIR 17 45 40.20312 -28 53 28.0680           ~ 3 0
53 [MCD2010] 10 s*b 17 45 42.32 -28 52 47.1           O4-6If+ 9 0
54 ISOGAL-P J174543.1-282916 Y*? 17 45 43.566 -28 29 17.08           ~ 3 0
55 SSTGC 535007 IR 17 45 43.64 -28 52 24.9           ~ 2 0
56 SSTGC 536969 IR 17 45 44.35 -29 01 13.8           ~ 1 0
57 SSTGC 540840 IR 17 45 45.74 -28 48 29.7           ~ 1 0
58 SSTGC 543691 IR 17 45 46.76 -29 02 48.0           ~ 1 0
59 SSTGC 547817 IR 17 45 48.24 -28 48 16.6           ~ 1 0
60 SSTGC 550608 IR 17 45 49.30 -28 50 58.8           ~ 1 0
61 NAME Arches Cluster Cl* 17 45 50.5 -28 49 28           ~ 738 0
62 2MASS J17455414-2858123 Y*? 17 45 54.147 -28 58 12.39           ~ 1 0
63 SSTGC 564417 IR 17 45 54.33 -29 00 03.2           ~ 2 0
64 SSTGC 579667 IR 17 45 59.90 -28 53 07.2           ~ 1 0
65 SSTGC 580183 Y*? 17 46 00.06 -29 01 49.5           ~ 3 0
66 2MASS J17460168-2835539 NIR 17 46 01.680 -28 35 53.94           ~ 1 0
67 SSTGC 588220 IR 17 46 02.98 -28 52 45.0           ~ 2 0
68 MSX5C G000.2091-00.0014 NIR 17 46 07.376 -28 45 32.05           ~ 2 0
69 SSTGC 609613 IR 17 46 10.71 -28 48 55.0           ~ 1 0
70 SSTGC 610642 Y*? 17 46 11.08 -28 55 40.9           ~ 3 0
71 SSTGC 612688 IR 17 46 11.83 -28 47 12.0           ~ 1 0
72 NAME Quintuplet Cluster OpC 17 46 13.9 -28 49 48           ~ 526 0
73 ISOGAL-P J174613.8-284344 Y*? 17 46 13.8774468360 -28 43 44.354747280           ~ 4 0
74 SSTGC 619522 Y*? 17 46 14.33 -28 43 18.4           ~ 1 0
75 OH 000.349+00.053 OH* 17 46 14.47536 -28 36 39.5388           O-rich 10 0
76 SSTGC 621858 IR 17 46 15.18 -28 52 31.4           ~ 1 0
77 SSTGC 635358 IR 17 46 20.01 -28 49 18.3           ~ 1 0
78 2MASS J17462389-2839481 NIR 17 46 23.892 -28 39 48.16           ~ 1 0
79 SSTGC 648790 IR 17 46 24.93 -28 47 18.2           ~ 1 0
80 ISOGAL-P J174626.5-281859 Y*? 17 46 26.554 -28 18 59.77           ~ 4 0
81 SSTGC 660708 IR 17 46 29.27 -28 54 03.9           ~ 1 0
82 SSTGLMC G000.3047-00.0609 Y*? 17 46 32.95 -28 42 16.3           ~ 2 0
83 2MASS J17463376-2840329 Y*? 17 46 33.761 -28 40 32.92           ~ 2 0
84 ISOGAL-P J174636.0-284358 Y*? 17 46 35.98 -28 43 58.2           ~ 2 0
85 ISOGAL-P J174639.6-284126 Y*? 17 46 39.67 -28 41 27.8           ~ 5 0
86 OH 000.447-00.006 OH* 17 46 42.29064 -28 33 26.1324           O-rich 9 0
87 OH 000.261-00.143 OH* 17 46 47.80680 -28 47 15.1620           O-rich 9 0
88 ISOGAL-P J174649.7-283656 Y*? 17 46 49.69 -28 36 57.0           ~ 3 0
89 ISOGAL-P J174650.5-284332 Y*? 17 46 50.50 -28 43 33.4           ~ 2 0
90 ISOGAL-P J174650.8-283125 Y*? 17 46 50.72 -28 31 24.7           ~ 4 0
91 SSTGC 721436 IR 17 46 51.49 -28 33 06.2           ~ 1 0
92 ISOGAL-P J174651.7-282842 Y*? 17 46 51.69 -28 28 41.7           ~ 3 0
93 ISOGAL-P J174653.4-283201 Y*? 17 46 53.31 -28 32 01.3           ~ 6 0
94 ISOGAL-P J174654.3-282940 Y*? 17 46 54.13 -28 29 39.5           ~ 2 0
95 SSTGC 732531 IR 17 46 55.74 -28 32 20.2           ~ 1 0
96 SSTGC 738126 IR 17 46 57.95 -28 35 54.5           ~ 1 0
97 NAME Sgr B MoC 17 47 02 -28 25.4           ~ 223 0
98 SSTGC 760679 IR 17 47 07.45 -28 28 41.9           ~ 1 0
99 2LC 000.563-0.044 Rad 17 47 07.53 -28 28 42.1           ~ 3 0
100 SSTGC 761771 IR 17 47 07.94 -28 24 53.2           ~ 1 0
101 SSTGC 769305 IR 17 47 11.27 -28 26 31.7           ~ 1 0
102 GPSR5 0.602-0.037 PoC 17 47 11.29 -28 26 30.7           ~ 8 0
103 SSTGC 770393 IR 17 47 11.75 -28 31 21.9           ~ 1 0
104 1LC 000.635-0.020 Rad 17 47 12.141 -28 24 14.33           ~ 2 0
105 SSTGC 771791 IR 17 47 12.35 -28 31 10.8           ~ 1 0
106 2MASS J17471247-2824159 NIR 17 47 12.47 -28 24 16.0           ~ 1 0
107 SSTGC 772981 IR 17 47 12.90 -28 32 05.5           ~ 1 0
108 SSTGC 773985 Y*? 17 47 13.34 -28 31 56.9           ~ 1 0
109 ISOGAL-P J174717.4-283219 Y*? 17 47 17.31 -28 32 20.2           ~ 2 0
110 SSTGC 786009 Y*? 17 47 18.69 -28 27 31.7           ~ 1 0
111 NAME Sgr B2 Main Rad 17 47 20.5 -28 23 06           ~ 407 1
112 SSTGC 790317 Y*? 17 47 20.55 -28 23 54.8           ~ 1 0
113 NAME Sgr B2 HII P HII 17 47 23.6 -28 23 36           ~ 5 0
114 SSTGC 797384 MIR 17 47 23.68 -28 23 34.6           ~ 3 1
115 ISOGAL-P J174724.9-281556 Y*? 17 47 24.80 -28 15 56.8           ~ 2 0
116 SSTGC 801865 IR 17 47 25.69 -28 24 40.2           ~ 1 0
117 GPSR 000.693-0.046 Rad 17 47 25.96 -28 22 06.9           ~ 5 0
118 SSTGC 803187 Y*O 17 47 26.29 -28 22 01.5           ~ 3 1
119 SSTGC 803471 IR 17 47 26.40 -28 24 43.7           ~ 1 0
120 SSTGC 806191 Y*? 17 47 27.70 -28 26 28.5           ~ 2 0
121 ISOGAL-P J174733.0-283411 Y*? 17 47 32.958 -28 34 11.83           ~ 3 0
122 SSTGC 817663 Y*? 17 47 33.28 -28 24 47.4           ~ 1 0
123 W 33a Y*O 18 14 39.56547 -17 52 02.2260           ~ 698 0
124 RAFGL 2136 Y*O 18 22 26.52888 -13 30 14.0400           ~ 285 0
125 RAFGL 7009S HII 18 34 20.911 -05 59 42.23           ~ 214 0
126 NGC 7538 OpC 23 13 37 +61 30.0           ~ 881 1
127 [WBN74] NGC 7538 IRS 1 Y*O 23 13 45.318 +61 28 11.69           ~ 414 3
128 NAME Galactic Bulge reg ~ ~           ~ 4304 0

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