2013A&A...560A...5C

Query : 2013A&A...560A...5C

2013A&A...560A...5C - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 560A, 5-5 (2013/12-1)

Searching for chemical inhomogeneities in open clusters. Analysis of the CN and CH molecular band strengths in NGC 2158, NGC 2420, NGC 2682, NGC 7789, and Berkeley 29.

CARRERA R. and MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ C.E.

Abstract (from CDS):

The total mass of a cluster, which is the main parameter determining its ability to host more than one stellar generation, may constitute a threshold below which the cluster is able to form only a single stellar population. Our goal is to investigate the existence of star-to-star variations in CN and CH band strengths, which are related to the N and C abundances, respectively, among the stars in five open clusters (NGC 2158, NGC 2420, NGC 2682, NGC 7789, and Berkeley 29). These variations are observed in globular cluster stars and they are linked with the existence of multiple populations. Since these systems are less massive than globular clusters, our results may allow us to constrain the lowest mass necessary to form more than one stellar population. We measured the strength of the CN and CH bands, which correlate with the C and N abundances, using four molecular indices in low-resolution SDSS/SEGUE spectra. For four of the open clusters (NGC 2158, NGC 2420, NGC 2682, and Berkeley 29) we found that all the stars studied in each of them have similar CN and CH band strengths within the uncertainties, since neither anomalous spreads nor bimodalities have been detected in their CN and CH distributions. In contrast, we found an anomalous spread in the strength of the CN molecular band at 3839Å for NGC 7789, which is larger than the uncertainties. However, the small number of stars studied in this cluster implies that further analysis is needed to confirm the existence of chemical inhomogeneities in this cluster.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): Galaxy: disk - open clusters and associations: general - stars: abundances

Simbad objects: 190

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Number of rows : 190
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 Cl Lindsay 1 Cl* 00 03 53.50 -73 28 15.0   11.7       ~ 120 0
2 NGC 104 GlC 00 24 05.359 -72 04 53.20     4.09     ~ 3918 0
3 ESO 28-19 Cl* 00 24 45.98 -72 47 37.9   11.6 12.05     ~ 148 0
4 NGC 121 GlC 00 26 49.0 -71 32 10   11.2 11.24     ~ 311 0
5 NGC 152 OpC 00 32 56.76 -73 06 56.4 13.37 13.05 12.26   11.13 ~ 91 0
6 NGC 176 Cl* 00 35 58.68 -73 09 56.5 12.76 13.06 13.01   13.09 ~ 33 0
7 NGC 188 OpC 00 47 11.5 +85 14 38           ~ 922 0
8 ESO 51-3 Cl* 00 48 50 -69 52.2   16.2       ~ 52 0
9 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 11162 1
10 NGC 288 GlC 00 52 45.24 -26 34 57.4   10 8.13     ~ 1044 0
11 NGC 339 OpC 00 57 47.62 -74 28 14.6 13.23 12.94 12.21   11.20 ~ 145 0
12 NGC 361 OpC 01 02 11.11 -71 36 25.3 12.86 12.43 11.77   10.70 ~ 101 0
13 NGC 362 GlC 01 03 14.26 -70 50 55.6     6.58     ~ 1086 0
14 NGC 411 Cl* 01 07 55.64 -71 46 03.1 13.05 12.63 12.10   11.11 ~ 105 0
15 NGC 416 Cl* 01 07 59.03 -72 21 20.5 12.73 12.55 11.76   10.71 ~ 148 1
16 NGC 419 OpC 01 08 17.26 -72 53 01.8 11.41 11.16 10.50   9.34 ~ 272 0
17 NGC 458 OpC 01 14 52.94 -71 33 00.0 11.86 11.85 11.66   11.23 ~ 75 0
18 NGC 752 OpC 01 56 53.5 +37 47 38           ~ 642 0
19 NAME Fornax H1 Cl* 02 37 02.1 -34 11 00     16.59     ~ 105 0
20 NAME Fornax H2 GlC 02 38 44.24 -34 48 30.5   14.5       ~ 92 0
21 NAME Fornax H3 GlC 02 39 48.16 -34 15 28.6   13.59       ~ 124 0
22 NAME Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1744 1
23 NAME Fornax H4 GlC 02 40 07.697 -34 32 10.59   15.18 13.91 14.08   ~ 109 0
24 NAME Fornax H5 GlC 02 42 21.111 -34 06 05.80   14.5       ~ 99 0
25 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7075 0
26 NGC 1193 OpC 03 05 56.6 +44 22 59     12.6     ~ 88 0
27 NGC 1261 GlC 03 12 16.21 -55 12 58.4     8.63     ~ 520 0
28 Cl Pal 1 GlC 03 33 20.04 +79 34 51.8   17.2       ~ 244 1
29 NAME Eridanus ClG GrG 03 38 32.00 -22 18 51.0           ~ 176 0
30 NGC 1466 GlC 03 44 32.71 -71 40 18.0   11.6 11.59     ~ 162 0
31 NGC 1651 GlC 04 37 32.530 -70 35 08.71   12.99 12.28     ~ 122 0
32 NGC 1644 GlC 04 37 39 -66 12.0   13.52 12.89     ~ 38 0
33 NGC 1652 GlC 04 38 23.010 -68 40 20.51   13.95 13.13     ~ 42 0
34 NGC 1841 GlC 04 45 24.38 -83 59 53.3   12.23 11.43     ~ 182 0
35 NGC 1751 Cl* 04 54 12.91 -69 48 26.8   15.06 11.73     ~ 89 0
36 NGC 1754 Cl* 04 54 18.080 -70 26 32.58   12.32 11.57     ~ 93 0
37 NGC 1786 Cl* 04 59 07.470 -67 44 45.44   10.1       ~ 146 0
38 NGC 1783 GlC 04 59 08.590 -65 59 15.84   10.9 10.93     ~ 253 0
39 Cl Berkeley 14 OpC 04 59 44.4 +43 29 17           ~ 45 1
40 NGC 1795 Cl* 04 59 46.940 -69 48 08.06   13.15 12.42     ~ 49 0
41 NGC 1806 GlC 05 02 11.180 -67 59 05.89   11.1       ~ 157 0
42 NGC 1835 Cl* 05 05 09.210 -69 24 20.96   11.314 10.596     ~ 166 0
43 NGC 1844 Cl* 05 07 29.910 -67 19 26.86   12.29 12.08     ~ 46 0
44 NGC 1846 Cl* 05 07 34.900 -67 27 32.45   12.08 11.31     ~ 215 0
45 NGC 1852 Cl* 05 09 23.760 -67 46 38.00   12.74 12.01     ~ 51 0
46 NGC 1798 OpC 05 11 39.4 +47 41 28           ~ 73 0
47 NGC 1866 GlC 05 13 38.920 -65 27 52.75           ~ 421 0
48 NGC 1851 GlC 05 14 06.76 -40 02 47.6           ~ 1430 0
49 NGC 1898 As* 05 16 45.380 -69 39 16.76   12.62 11.86     ~ 98 0
50 NGC 1916 Cl* 05 18 37.87 -69 24 22.9   11.16 10.38     ~ 91 0
51 NGC 1917 Cl* 05 19 03.370 -69 00 06.34   12.90 12.33     ~ 46 0
52 NGC 1928 Cl* 05 20 55.940 -69 28 34.96   13.34 12.47     ~ 67 0
53 NGC 1939 Cl* 05 21 26.82 -69 56 59.0   12.52 11.83     ~ 60 0
54 Cl King 22 OpC 05 22 07.4 +45 26 31           ~ 71 0
55 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 17452 0
56 M 79 GlC 05 24 10.59 -24 31 27.3     8.16     ~ 817 0
57 NGC 1987 GlC 05 27 16.940 -70 44 14.16   12.1       ~ 92 0
58 NGC 1978 GlC 05 28 45.330 -66 14 12.04   10.7 10.70     ~ 309 0
59 NGC 2005 Cl* 05 30 08.500 -69 45 14.42   12.30 11.57     ~ 94 0
60 ESO 86-5 Cl* 05 31 07.34 -63 32 25.8   14.39 13.66     ~ 14 0
61 NGC 2019 Cl* 05 31 56.48 -70 09 32.5   10.9 10.86     ~ 122 0
62 NAME Hodge 4 GlC 05 32 25.64 -64 44 07.7     13.33     ~ 49 0
63 IC 2146 Cl* 05 37 46 -74 47.0   13.10 12.41     ~ 35 0
64 NGC 2108 GlC 05 43 56.270 -69 10 54.37   12.90 12.32     ~ 67 0
65 ESO 57-43 GlC 05 50 03.480 -67 43 06.29   12.86 12.26     ~ 21 0
66 Cl Berkeley 21 OpC 05 51 43.2 +21 48 43   12.26 11.1     ~ 118 0
67 M 37 OpC 05 52 17.8 +32 32 42   6.19 5.6     ~ 401 2
68 NGC 2154 Cl* 05 57 38 -67 15.7   12.47 11.79     ~ 60 0
69 NGC 2173 GlC 05 57 58 -72 58.7   12.74 11.88     ~ 141 0
70 Cl Berkeley 22 OpC 05 58 28.3 +07 45 47           ~ 84 0
71 NGC 2155 Cl* 05 58 32.070 -65 28 38.62   13.41 12.60     ~ 106 0
72 NGC 2158 OpC 06 07 26.9 +24 05 56           ~ 294 0
73 NGC 2209 GlC 06 08 36.06 -73 50 07.9   13.58 13.15     ~ 114 0
74 NGC 2210 GlC 06 11 31.296 -69 07 17.04   10.9 10.94     ~ 187 0
75 ESO 57-75 Cl* 06 13 27.3 -70 41 42   14.41 13.67     ~ 42 0
76 NAME Hodge 11 GlC 06 14 22.92 -69 50 54.9   12.57 11.93     ~ 110 0
77 NGC 2204 OpC 06 15 31.7 -18 40 12   9.35 8.6     ~ 153 0
78 NGC 2243 OpC 06 29 34.8 -31 16 55   10.12 9.4     ~ 269 0
79 NGC 2257 Cl* 06 30 12.62 -64 19 40.0   13.24 12.62     ~ 216 0
80 Cl Trumpler 5 OpC 06 36 30.2 +09 27 54           ~ 122 0
81 NGC 2266 OpC 06 43 19.7 +26 58 34     9.5     ~ 76 0
82 NGC 2298 GlC 06 48 59.41 -36 00 19.1     8.89     ~ 497 0
83 Cl Berkeley 29 OpC 06 53 04.2 +16 55 39   14.3       ~ 174 0
84 Cl Berkeley 31 OpC 06 57 37.4 +08 17 06           ~ 128 0
85 Cl Berkeley 32 OpC 06 58 07.2 +06 25 59           ~ 145 0
86 NGC 2419 GlC 07 38 08.51 +38 52 54.9     10.05     ~ 933 0
87 NGC 2420 OpC 07 38 24.5 +21 34 30   9.0 8.3     ~ 476 0
88 Cl Berkeley 39 OpC 07 46 48.5 -04 39 54           ~ 190 1
89 NGC 2506 OpC 08 00 02.4 -10 46 23   8.28 7.6     ~ 276 0
90 NGC 2632 OpC 08 40 13.0 +19 37 16           ~ 1566 0
91 NGC 2660 OpC 08 42 40.1 -47 12 04   9.05 8.8     ~ 152 0
92 NGC 2682 OpC 08 51 23.0 +11 48 50           ~ 2342 0
93 NGC 2808 GlC 09 12 03.10 -64 51 48.6           ~ 1420 0
94 NAME E 3 GlC 09 20 57.07 -77 16 54.8           ~ 164 0
95 NAME Sextans C GlC 10 05 30.96 +00 04 15.4   15.5 13.9     ~ 328 1
96 NGC 3201 GlC 10 17 36.82 -46 24 44.9           ~ 886 0
97 GCl 17 GlC 11 29 16.80 +28 58 25.0   14.4       ~ 354 1
98 NGC 4147 GlC 12 10 06.149 +18 32 31.78   11.45 10.74     ~ 573 0
99 NGC 4372 GlC 12 25 45.43 -72 39 32.7   10.86 9.85     ~ 303 0
100 Cl Collinder 261 OpC 12 38 04.6 -68 22 37     10.7     ~ 192 0
101 C 1235-509 GlC 12 38 40.20 -51 09 01.0           ~ 377 0
102 M 68 GlC 12 39 27.98 -26 44 38.6     7.96     ~ 997 0
103 NGC 4833 GlC 12 59 33.92 -70 52 35.4           ~ 425 0
104 M 53 GlC 13 12 55.25 +18 10 05.4     7.79     ~ 837 0
105 NGC 5053 GlC 13 16 27.09 +17 42 00.9     9.96     ~ 621 0
106 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3430 0
107 M 3 GlC 13 42 11.62 +28 22 38.2     6.39     ~ 2479 0
108 NGC 5286 GlC 13 46 26.81 -51 22 27.3           ~ 443 0
109 NGC 5466 GlC 14 05 27.29 +28 32 04.0     9.70     ~ 828 0
110 Cl Pismis 19 OpC 14 30 39.8 -60 53 20           ~ 37 0
111 IC 4479 LIN 14 38 45.9050077992 +28 30 19.589906412   14.8       ~ 34 0
112 NGC 5694 GlC 14 39 36.52 -26 32 18.0           ~ 301 0
113 IC 4499 GlC 15 00 18.57 -82 12 49.6     8.56     ~ 351 0
114 NGC 5824 GlC 15 03 58.612 -33 04 06.70   10.28 9.56     ~ 408 0
115 NGC 5897 GlC 15 17 24.40 -21 00 36.4   10.16 8.52     ~ 389 0
116 M 5 GlC 15 18 33.22 +02 04 51.7     5.95     ~ 1980 0
117 NGC 5927 GlC 15 28 00.69 -50 40 22.9           ~ 462 0
118 NGC 5946 GlC 15 35 28.58 -50 39 35.0           ~ 194 0
119 NGC 5986 GlC 15 46 03.00 -37 47 11.1     6.92     ~ 374 0
120 M 80 GlC 16 17 02.41 -22 58 33.9           ~ 717 0
121 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1853 0
122 NGC 6101 GlC 16 25 48.12 -72 12 07.9           ~ 294 0
123 NGC 6144 GlC 16 27 13.86 -26 01 24.6           ~ 243 0
124 NGC 6139 GlC 16 27 39.987 -38 50 57.03   11.03 9.68     ~ 214 0
125 M 107 GlC 16 32 31.86 -13 03 13.6           ~ 786 0
126 M 13 GlC 16 41 41.634 +36 27 40.75     5.8     ~ 2194 0
127 NGC 6229 GlC 16 46 58.641 +47 31 36.38   9.38 9.86     ~ 366 0
128 M 12 GlC 16 47 14.18 -01 56 54.7     6.07     ~ 679 0
129 NGC 6235 GlC 16 53 25.36 -22 10 38.8   11.99 7.20     ~ 186 0
130 M 10 GlC 16 57 09.05 -04 06 01.1     4.98     ~ 789 0
131 NGC 6253 OpC 16 59 06.7 -52 42 43     10.2     ~ 186 0
132 NGC 6256 GlC 16 59 32.68 -37 07 17.1           ~ 153 0
133 M 62 GlC 17 01 12.60 -30 06 44.5           ~ 621 0
134 M 19 GlC 17 02 37.69 -26 16 04.6   8.45 5.57     ~ 369 1
135 NGC 6284 GlC 17 04 28.747 -24 45 51.22   10.72 7.43     ~ 278 0
136 NGC 6287 GlC 17 05 09.4906767360 -22 42 28.099250172   11.49 10.30     ~ 224 0
137 M 92 GlC 17 17 07.39 +43 08 09.4     6.52     ~ 2116 0
138 NGC 6342 GlC 17 21 10.14 -19 35 14.7     10.01     ~ 286 0
139 IC 4651 OpC 17 24 50.9 -49 55 01           ~ 350 0
140 NGC 6352 GlC 17 25 29.11 -48 25 19.8           ~ 396 0
141 NGC 6366 GlC 17 27 44.24 -05 04 47.5           ~ 312 0
142 NGC 6362 GlC 17 31 54.99 -67 02 54.0           ~ 586 0
143 Ton 2 GlC 17 36 10.500 -38 33 12.00           ~ 94 0
144 NGC 6388 GlC 17 36 17.461 -44 44 08.34           ~ 915 1
145 M 14 GlC 17 37 36.15 -03 14 45.3   9.55 5.73     ~ 386 0
146 NGC 6397 GlC 17 40 42.09 -53 40 27.6     5.17     ~ 1977 0
147 ESO 520-21 GlC 17 43 42.20 -26 13 21.0           ~ 178 0
148 Cl Terzan 5 Cl* 17 48 05.00 -24 46 48.0           ~ 848 1
149 NGC 6440 GlC 17 48 52.67 -20 21 34.5           ~ 551 0
150 NGC 6441 GlC 17 50 13.06 -37 03 05.2           ~ 885 0
151 ESO 455-49 GlC 17 50 46.40 -31 16 31.0           ~ 185 0
152 GCl 80.1 GlC 18 01 38.80 -26 50 23.0           ~ 121 0
153 NGC 6528 GlC 18 04 49.61 -30 03 20.8   12.12 10.65     ~ 524 0
154 NGC 6541 GlC 18 08 02.36 -43 42 53.6           ~ 378 0
155 NGC 6553 GlC 18 09 15.68 -25 54 27.9   9.08       ~ 601 0
156 NGC 6584 GlC 18 18 37.60 -52 12 56.8     8.17     ~ 288 0
157 NGC 6624 GlC 18 23 40.51 -30 21 39.7           ~ 886 1
158 M 69 GlC 18 31 23.10 -32 20 53.1           ~ 462 0
159 NGC 6652 GlC 18 35 45.63 -32 59 26.6           ~ 440 0
160 M 22 GlC 18 36 23.94 -23 54 17.1           ~ 1379 0
161 M 70 GlC 18 43 12.76 -32 17 31.6           ~ 386 0
162 NGC 6705 OpC 18 51 03.8 -06 16 19   6.32 5.8     ~ 411 0
163 NGC 6712 GlC 18 53 04.32 -08 42 21.5           ~ 519 0
164 M 54 GlC 18 55 03.33 -30 28 47.5           ~ 1069 0
165 NGC 6717 GlC 18 55 06.04 -22 42 05.3           ~ 244 0
166 NGC 6723 GlC 18 59 33.15 -36 37 56.1           ~ 501 0
167 NGC 6752 GlC 19 10 52.11 -59 59 04.4           ~ 2001 0
168 M 56 GlC 19 16 35.57 +30 11 00.5           ~ 422 0
169 Cl Terzan 7 GlC 19 17 43.92 -34 39 27.8           ~ 428 0
170 NGC 6791 OpC 19 20 53.0 +37 46 41   10.52 9.5     ~ 1040 0
171 Cl Arp 2 GlC 19 28 44.11 -30 21 20.3     12.41     ~ 354 0
172 M 55 GlC 19 39 59.71 -30 57 53.1     6.49     ~ 855 0
173 NGC 6819 OpC 19 41 18.5 +40 11 24   8.21 7.3     ~ 635 0
174 Cl Terzan 8 GlC 19 41 44.41 -33 59 58.1     11.54     ~ 321 0
175 GCl 114 GlC 19 45 14.40 -08 00 26.0     7.54     ~ 143 0
176 M 71 GlC 19 53 46.49 +18 46 45.1           ~ 1128 0
177 M 75 GlC 20 06 04.841 -21 55 20.14     8.26     ~ 366 0
178 IC 1311 OpC 20 10 47.3 +41 10 37     13.1     ~ 52 0
179 NGC 6934 GlC 20 34 11.37 +07 24 16.1           ~ 422 0
180 M 72 GlC 20 53 27.70 -12 32 14.3     8.96     ~ 430 0
181 NGC 7006 GlC 21 01 29.465 +16 11 16.49     10.46     ~ 532 0
182 Cl Berkeley 54 OpC 21 02 58.8 +40 25 59           ~ 33 0
183 M 15 GlC 21 29 58.33 +12 10 01.2           ~ 3140 0
184 M 2 GlC 21 33 27.02 -00 49 23.7     6.25     ~ 1030 1
185 M 30 GlC 21 40 22.12 -23 10 47.5     7.10     ~ 1049 0
186 NGC 7142 OpC 21 45 09.6 +65 46 55   10.36 9.3     ~ 143 0
187 Cl Pal 12 GlC 21 46 38.84 -21 15 09.4     11.89     ~ 517 0
188 NGC 7492 GlC 23 08 26.68 -15 36 41.3     10.48     ~ 301 0
189 Cl Berkeley 99 OpC 23 21 02.4 +71 46 41           ~ 38 0
190 NGC 7789 OpC 23 57 20.2 +56 43 34   7.68 6.7     ~ 528 0

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